Some account of the general foreign history of the period can be found in LAVISSE and RAMBAUD'S Histoire générale (tomes ii. and iii.), LOSERTH'S Geschichte des späteren Mittelalters (good bibliographies), and, briefly, in my Papacy and Empire (up to 1273), and LODGE'S Close of the Middle Ages (after 1273). For French history of the period LAVISSE'S Histoire de France (iii., pt. i., 1137-1226, by A. LUCHAIRE; iii., pt. ii., 1226-1328, by C.V. LANGLOIS, and iv., pt. i., 1328-1422, by A. COVILLE) cover the whole of the period. More detailed works are, PETIT-DUTAILLIS'S Louis VIII., E. BERGER'S Blanche de Castile, WALLON'S Louis IX., BOUTARIC'S Saint Louis et Alfonse de Poitiers, C.V. LANGLOIS'S Philippe le Hardi, BOUTARIC'S France sous Philippe le Bel, LEHUGEUR'S Philippe le Long, PETIT'S Charles de Valois, FOURNIER'S Royaume d'Arles et de Vienne, L. DELISLE'S Hist. de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, and (for the south) the new edition of DE VIC and VAISSÈTE's Hist. générale de Languedoc. Much recent work has been done by French scholars towards the reconstruction of the external history of England during the whole of our period. For the Low Countries, PIRENNE'S Hist. de Belgique, ii., ASHLEY'S James and Philip van Artevelde, and VANDER KINDERE'S Le Siècle des Arteveldt. PAULI is good for the relations of England and Germany.
Maps illustrating the period are to be found in POOLE'S Oxford Historical Atlas, LONGNON'S Atlas historique de la France, and SPRUNER-MENKE'S Historischer Hand-Atlas; special maps of Edward I.'s Scottish expeditions in GOUGH'S Itinerary of Edward I., of Edward III.'s and the Black Prince's campaigns in THOMPSON'S Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, and KERVYN'S Froissart, of John of Gaunt's in ARMITAGE-SMITH's John of Gaunt, and of Wales in the thirteenth century in Owens College Historical Essays. VIDAL DE LA BLACHE'S Tableau de la Géographie de la France (LAVISSE, Hist. de France, i., pt. i.) is instructive for the physical features of the campaigns of the Hundred Years' War.
Further details as to English authorities, ancient and modern, can be found in GROSS'S excellent Sources and Literature of English History (1900). The Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores, vols. xxvii., xxviii., consist of excerpts from English writers of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries; the introductions (in Latin) by Pauli and Liebermann contain noteworthy estimates of the works from which the extracts are taken.
NOTE TO PAGES 390-92.
My reasons for my account of the battle of Poitiers demand longer explanation than can be given in a footnote. Like most modern writers, I have based my narrative on the Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker as expounded by Sir E.M. Thompson, though I agree with Professor Oman in holding that Baker's "ampla profundaque vallis et mariscus, torrente quodam irriguus," must be the valley of the Miausson. I also, however, agree with Father Denifle in not setting great store on Chandos Herald, though I would not reject him altogether, as all prudent writers must reject Froissart. My conjectural account of the movements of the armies is an attempt to combine Baker with what may be true in the Herald. I hope elsewhere to be able to justify my narrative at length.
INDEX.
| [A] | [B] | [C] | [D] | [E] | [F] | [G] | [H] | [I] | [J] | [K] | [L] | [M] |
| [N] | [O] | [P] | [Q] | [R] | [S] | [T] | [U] | [V] | [W] | [Y] | [Z] | [TOP] |
- Aachen, [80].
- Abbeville, [145], [361-364], [411].
- Aberconway Abbey, [165].
- Aberdeen, [198], [225]
- Aberdeen, John Barbour, Archdeacon of. See Barbour, John.
- Abergavenny, town, castle and lordship, [47], [165], [174], [180].
- Abergavenny, Lords of. See Hastings.
- Aberystwyth, [161].
- Abingdon, [57-59].
- Abingdon, Edmund of. See Rich, Edmund.
- Acre. [134], [184]
- Acre, Joan of. See Joan.
- Acton Burnell, [165].
- Adolf of Nassau, King of the Romans, [191].
- Adour, the river. [70], [324], [386].
- Agen, [105], [206], [324].
- Agenais, the, [105], [140], [296], [297], [324], [358], [384], [387], [397].
- Agnelius of Pisa, [50], [85], [87].
- Aigueblanche, Peter of, Bishop of Hereford, [55], [63], [78].
- Aiguillon, [358], [367].
- Albemarle, William of Fors, Earl of, [4], [20], [24-26], [103].
- Albemarle and Devon, Isabella of Fors, Countess of, [224].
- Albigenses, the, [31], [33], [55], [70], [352].
- Albert the Great, [90].
- Albret, Lord of, [73], [212], [325], [357].
- Aldgate, [375].
- Alencon, Count of, [328].
- Alexander II., King-of Scots, [15], [23], [58], [67].
- Alexander III., King of Scots, [176], [177], [181].
- Alexander, son of Alexander III of Scotland, [177].
- Alexander IV., Pope, [78], [79], [88], [108-110], [176], [177].
- Alexander of Hales, See Hales.
- Alfonso X., King of Castile, [72], [73], [80], [104], [143], [144], [169], [171], [172].
- Alfonse of France, Count of Poitiers, [34], [62], [64], [71], [105], [106], [140].
- Alice, Countess of Lancaster, [224], [273].
- Alice of Lusignan, [99].
- Aliens, [67], [97], [98], [100]-103, [112], [175], [176].
- Almaine, Henry of. See Henry of Almaine.
- "Almaines, The," [335].
- Almond, the river, [213].
- Alnwick Castle, [131].
- Alton Castle, [273].
- Amadeus III., Count of Savoy, [54].
- Amesbury, [184].
- Amice, mother of the elder Simon de Montfort, [55].
- Amiens, [112], [170], [187], [222], [295], [328], [361];
- Amory, Roger of, [273], [274], [276], [279]-281, [284], [285].
- Anagni, [200], [222].
- Andrew, St., [219].
- Anne of Brittany, [178].
- Angers, [35].
- Anglesey, [75], [162], [166], [190].
- Anglia, East, [131], [370].
- Angoulême, [31], [358], [416].
- Angoulême, Isabella, Countess of. See Isabella, Queen of England.
- Angoumois, [81], [397], [415].
- Anjou, [30], [36], [104], [105], [146], [148], [170], [200], [395], [412].
- Anjou, Charles of. See Charles.
- Anjou, Louis, Duke of. See Louis.
- Annandale, [180], [194], [196], [215].
- Antrim, [234].
- Antwerp, [332], [335], [343], [345], [412].
- Apulia, [79].
- Aquinas, St. Thomas, [90], [92].
- Aquitaine, [30], [32], [63], [64], [69], [72-74], [76], [104], [105], [140], [141], [162], [165], [175], [239], [297], [298], [300], [327-329], [357], [370], [385], [395], [397], [404], [406], [407], [411], [415], [416], [427], See also Gascony.
- Aquitaine, Dukes of. See under the Kings of England.
- Aquitaine, Edward, Prince of. See Edward the Black Prince.
- Aquitaine, Eleanor of, [64].
- Aragon, [146], [169-172], [200], [403], [404], [411].
- Aragon, James, King of. See James.
- Aragon, Peter, King of. See Peter.
- Archers;
- Architecture;
- Arden, forest of, [252].
- Argenton, [388].
- Aristotle, [89-92].
- Armagh, Archbishop of. See Fitzralph, Richard.
- Armagnac, Counts of, [73], [164], [384], [386], [407].
- Armagnac, John, Count of, [384], [386], [397], [400], [406], [407], [411].
- Arnold, T., his edition of Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, [455].
- Art, [82], [83], [94], [96], [427], See also Architecture.
- Artevelde, James van, [342], [343], [345-349], [356].
- Arthur I., Count of Brittany, [179].
- Arthur II., Duke of Brittany, [352].
- Arthur, King, [313].
- Arthurian Legend, the, [94].
- Articuli super cartas, [218], [219].
- Artois, [8], [196], [330], [343], [347], [385], [413], [417].
- Artois, Robert of. See Robert.
- Arundel, the Countess of. [42].
- Arundel, Edmund Fitzalan, Earl of, [239], [244], [249], [259], [273], [274], [276], [283], [299], [301], [307].
- Arundel, Richard Fitzalan, Earl of, [362].
- Arvon, [162].
- Ashley, W.J.;
- Assisi, [84].
- Athenry, battle of, [271].
- Athis, treaty of, [313].
- Athol, David of Strathbolgie, Earl of, [316], [322].
- Auberoche, battle of, [357], [358].
- Aubigny, Philip of, [32].
- Aude, the river, [386].
- Audley, Hugh of, [279], [280], [286].
- Audley, Earl of Gloucester. See Gloucester.
- Audley, James (1258), [103].
- Audley, James (d. 1369), [412].
- Audleys of Shropshire, [306].
- Audrehem, Marshal, [390], [391].
- Aumâle, Counts of, [20]. See also Albemarle.
- Auray, [401];
- Ausculta, Fili, bull, [221].
- Austin Canons of Lanercost, [234].
- Austin Friars, [86].
- Austria, [33], [44], [54].
- Austria, Duke of, [44].
- Auvergne, [62], [417].
- Auvergne, Counts of, [33].
- Auvézère, the river, [357].
- Avalon, Hugh of. See Hugh, St.
- Avesbury, Robert of, chronicler, [458].
- Avesnes, [340];
- house of, [332].
- Avesnes, William of. See William, Count of Hainault.
- Avignon;
- Avon, the river, [127].
- Axholme, [129].
- Ayermine, William, Bishop of Norwich, [293], [296], [298].
- Aymer of Valence, Bishop of Winchester, [65], [99], [102], [108], [109].
- Aymer of Valence, Earl of Pembroke. See Pembroke.
- Ayr, [215], [235].
- "Babylonish Captivity, the," [229], [418].
- Bacon, Roger, [91], [92].
- Bacon, Robert, [46].
- Badenoch, John Comyn, lord of, [180], See Comyn.
- Badlesmere, Bartholomew, Lord, [268], [273], [277], [279], [283], [286], [293], [314].
- Badlesmere, Lady, [282], [283].
- Baker, Geoffrey le, Chronicle of, [420], [458], [464].
- "Balance of Power," the, [138].
- Baldock (town), [299].
- Baldock, Ralph, chancellor and bishop of London, [238].
- Baldock, Robert, chancellor, [292], [293], [298], [299], [301].
- Baldwin, Count of Flanders, Latin Emperor of the East, [33].
- Ball, John, [376], [377].
- Balliol College, Oxford, [376], [377], [439].
- Balliol, Edward, eldest son of King John of Scotland, [194], [315], [317]-324.
- Balliol, John (d. 1269), [93].
- Balliol, John, lord of Barnard Castle, and of Galloway, son of the above, [179], [181], [183]. See also John, King of Scots.
- Balsham, Hugh, Bishop of Ely, [93].
- Barnburgh Castle, [247].
- Bampton in the Bush, [250].
- Banaster, Adam, [267], [268], [272].
- Banbury, [250].
- Banff, [198], [225].
- Bankers;
- Bannatyne club, publications of the, [455], [456].
- Bannock, the river, [261].
- Bannockburn, battle of, [260]-264, [267], [270], [272], [274], [277], [279], [318]-320, [346], [363], [364].
- Bar, Joan of. See Joan.
- Bar, Count of, [192].
- Barbavera, [345], [347].
- Barbezieux, [64].
- Barbour, John, Bruce, [422], [459].
- Bardi, the, [356].
- Bardolf, William, [100].
- Barfleur, [360].
- Bargate, the, Lincoln, [10].
- Barnard Castle, [179], [316].
- Barnes's History of Edward III., [462].
- Barnwell, [299].
- Barnwell, Canon of, [13], [16], [21], [453].
- Barons' war, the, [133]-135, [164], [175], [237], [452], [454], [456], [461], [462].
- Barres, William des, [11].
- Basset, Gilbert, [46], [47].
- Bastides, [165], [171], [295], [296].
- Bastilles, [417].
- Bath, [407].
- Bath and Wells, Bishop of. See Burnell, Robert; Drokensford; Shrewsbury, Ralph of, and Harewell, John.
- Battle Abbey, chronicle of, [455].
- Battles of ——
- Athenry, [271].
- Auberoche, [358].
- Auray, [401], [402].
- Ayr, [235].
- Bannockburn, [260]-263.
- Boroughbridge, [285]-287.
- Bourgneuf Bay, [410], [415].
- Cassel, [327].
- Chalon, [140].
- Chesterfield, [130].
- Cocherel, [401].
- Corte Nuova, [61].
- Courtrai, [221], [222], [262].
- Crecy, [362]-364.
- Dupplin Moor, [317], [318].
- Dunbar, [197].
- Dundalk, [271].
- Evesham, [127], [128].
- Falkirk, [213]-215.
- Halidon Hill, [319], [320].
- La Rochelle, [415].
- Lewes, [116], [117].
- Lincoln, [10], [11].
- Lisieux, [400].
- Madog's Field, [190].
- Maes Madog, [190].
- Mauron, [383].
- Methven, [234].
- Morgarten, [262].
- Morlaix, [354].
- Myton, [276], [277].
- Najera, [405], [406].
- Neville's Cross, [365].
- Orewyn Bridge, [163], [164].
- Poitiers, [389]-392.
- Pontvallain, [414].
- Sandwich, [11], [12].
- Sluys, [346], [347].
- Stirling Bridge, [207], [208].
- The Thirty, [382], [383].
- Winchelsea, [384].
- Bayonne, [70], [71], [186], [191], [196], [297], [324], [357], [417], [418].
- Bazas, [32], [71], [324], [386], [412].
- Béarn, [141], [171], [325].
- Béarn, Gaston, Viscount of. See Gaston.
- Beatrice, daughter of Henry III. and wife of John II. of Brittany, [107], [352].
- Beatrice, sister of Amadeus III., Count of Savoy, wife of Raymond Berengar IV., Count of Provence, [54].
- Beaucaire, [62].
- Beauce, the, [413].
- Beauchamp, Thomas. See Warwick, Earl of.
- Beauchamp, William. See Warwick, Earl of. Beauchamps of Warwick, the, [306].
- Beaumanoir, commandant at Josselin, [382], [383].
- Beaumaris Castle, [190].
- Beaumont, Henry de, [248], [252], [264], [316], [320], [322].
- Beaumont, Louis de, Bishop of Durham, [290], [316].
- Beaumont, Robert of, Earl of Leicester. See Leicester.
- Beaumonts, the, [252].
- Beauvais, [361].
- Becket, Archbishop, St. Thomas, [16], [60], [350].
- Bedale, [182].
- Bedford, Castle of, [25], [26], [32];
- scutage of, [26].
- Bedfordshire, [447].
- Bégard, Abbey of, [368].
- Beghards, the, [376].
- Beguines, the, [376].
- Behuchet, Nicholas, [345]-347.
- Bek, Anthony, Bishop of Durham, [178], [185], [197], [213], [215], [219], [223], [230], [232], [238], [245].
- Bek, Thomas, Bishop of St. David's, [185].
- Belleville, [400].
- Bembro, Robert, [382], [383].
- Bémont, Charles, [64];
- Bénauge, [73].
- Béne, Amaury of, [90].
- Benedict XI., Pope, [228].
- Benedict XII, Pope, [329], [330], [333], [334], [336], [348], [450].
- Bengeworth, near Evesham, [127].
- Bentley, Sir Walter, [382], [383].
- Bere Castle, [165], [166].
- Bereford, Sir Simon, [305], [309].
- Berg, Count of, [332].
- Berger's Blanche de Castile, [462].
- Bergerac, [32], [357], [358], [412].
- Berkeley Castle, [300], [303].
- Berkeleys, the, [306].
- Berkhampstead, siege of, [6].
- Berkshire, [59].
- Berkstead, Stephen, Bishop of Chichester, [119].
- Bermingham, John of. See Louth, Earl of.
- Bernabò, Visconti, Lord of Milan, [430].
- Berners, Lord, translator of Froissart, [459].
- Berri, John, Duke of, [412].
- Bertrand, Cardinal, [330], [336], [339]. See Montfavence.
- Berwick, [182], [194], [196], [198], [206], [207], [212], [213], [245], [247], [258], [259], [261], [264], [273], [275]-277, [289], [319], [321], [386], [393].
- Béthune, [343];
- Chronique de l'Anonyme de [454].
- Bibliographies, historical, [459], [464].
- Bidassoa, the, [324].
- Bigod, the house of, [278].
- Bigod, Hugh, justiciar, [100], [102], [104], [109].
- Bigod, Roger, earl marshal and Earl of Norfolk. See Norfolk, Earl of.
- Bigorre, county of. [71], [80], [164], [294], [397].
- Biscay, Bay of, [35], [415].
- Blaauw's Barons' Wars, [461].
- Black Prince, the. See Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine.
- Black death, the, [370]-376, [380], [381], [423], [424], [432], [457].
- Blacklow Hill, [251].
- Blanche of Artois, Queen of Navarre, [144], [246].
- Blanche of Bourbon, wife of Peter the Great of Castile, [404].
- Blanche of Castile, Queen of Louis VIII. and regent of France, [4], [11], [34], [62], [80].
- Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, [421], [430].
- Blanche taque, the, in estuary of Somme, [361], [362], [411].
- Blaneforde's Chronicle, [453].
- Blankenberghe, [344], [346].
- Blavet, the river, [354].
- Blaye, [36], [64], [191], [196].
- Bliss' Calendars of Papal Registers, [449].
- Blois, [388], [389].
- Blois, Charles of. See Charles.
- Blois, Theobald, Count of, [11].
- Blount, Sir Thos, [302].
- Blundeville, Randolph of, Earl of Chester. See Chester, Randolph, Earl of.
- Boccaccio, [421].
- Bohemia, [54].
- Bohemia, Ottocar, King of, [80].
- Bohun, Humphrey, Earl of Hereford. See Hereford.
- Bohun, Humphrey of Brecon, son of the Earl of Hereford, [115].
- Bohun, Margaret, [435].
- Bohun, William, Earl of Northampton. See Northampton.
- Bohuns, the, [430].
- Bollers, house of, [24].
- Bologna, [84], [89].
- Bolton, [433].
- Bonhommes, order of, [86].
- Boniface VIII., Pope, [172], [195], [200], [203], [211], [217], [219]-223, [228].
- Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, [60], [61], [66], [73], [99], [103], [128], [135], [139].
- Bordeaux, [32], [33], [36], [64], [70]-74, [77], [146], [170], [171], [191], [193], [196], [222], [230], [296], [324], [358], [370], [385]-387, [393], [404], [406], [407], [412], [417], [418], [433];
- truce of, [395].
- Bordeaux, Bertrand de Goth, Archbishop of. See Clement V.
- Bordelais, the, [324].
- Borderie's Histoire de Brétagne, [463].
- Boroughbridge, [275], [286], [290]. battle of, [285]-287, [319].
- Boroughs; growth of, [122], [195], [426]-427; representation of, [139].
- Bothwell Castle, [262].
- Boulogne, [8], [121], [239].
- Bouquet, Dom, his Recueil des Historiens de la France, [459].
- Bourbon, Blanche of. See Blanche.
- Bourbonnais, [417].
- Bourchier, Sir Robert, [349].
- Bourg, of Limoges, the, [142].
- Bourg, [191], [196].
- Bourgneuf, Bay of, [410], [415].
- Bourne, [95].
- Boutaric's St. Louis et Alfonse de Poitiers, [463];
- his France sous Philippe le Bel, [462].
- Bouvines, battle of, [11].
- Brabant, [148], [192], [331], [332], [335], [336], [340], [348].
- Brabant, Dukes of. See John II., John III., and Wenceslaus.
- Brabant, Mary of. See Mary, Queen of France.
- Brabazon, Roger de, chief justice after 1295, [181].
- Bracton, Henry of, [94], [148], [426];
- Bradwardine, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, [425].
- Brandenburg, [80].
- Brandenburg, Elector of, [340].
- Brantingham, Thomas, treasurer, Bishop of Exeter, [432], [433].
- Brantôme, [388].
- Braose, house of, [1], [280], [300].
- Braose, William de, [37], [38], [44];
- Bratton, Henry. See Bracton.
- Braybrook, Henry de, [25].
- Bréauté, Falkes de, [2], [5], [6], [8], [10], [14], [18], [20], [24]-27, [43], [44].
- Brechin, [197], [225].
- Brecon, [172]-174, [189], [190], [252], [267], [280].
- Bren, Llewelyn. See Llewelyn.
- Brentwood, [45], [47].
- Bremen, [97].
- Brest, [354], [416], [418].
- Brétagne bretonnante, La, [352].
- Brétigni, treaty of, [396]-398. See also Calais, treaty of.
- Bretons. See Brittany.
- Brewer's Monumenta Franciscana, [455], [456].
- Bridgnorth, [25], [284].
- Bridlington, [289].
- Bridlington, Canon of, his Gesta Edwardi de Carnarvon.
- Bridlington, John of, [457].
- Brie, [60].
- Brigham, treaty of, [178], [181].
- Bristol, [4], [56], [112], [168], [241], [268], [273], [370], [457];
- Brittany, [2], [35], [36], [41], [44], [54], [178], [179], [186], [352], [353], [356], [357], [381]-383, [386]-388, [395] [401]-404, [413]-417, [436], [463];
- Brittany, Counts, afterwards Dukes, of. See Arthur I., Arthur II., John II., John III., John IV., John V., Peter Mauclerc.
- Brittany, Constance of, wife of Randolph of Chester. See Constance of Brittany.
- Brittany, John of, Earl of Richmond. See John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond.
- Britton, lawyer, [94];
- his treatise On the Laws of England, [461].
- Bromfield, [162].
- Brotherton, Thomas of, Earl of Norfolk. See Thomas of Brotherton.
- Bruce, David. See David II., King of Scots.
- Bruce, Edward, "King of Ireland.", [257], [269]-272, [280], [429].
- Bruce, Elizabeth, Queen of Scots. See Elizabeth.
- Bruce, Joan, Queen of Scots. See Joan.
- Bruce, Robert, Lord of Annandale,
- Bruce, Robert, Earl of Carrick, son of the above (d. 1304), [177], [194], [206], [215].
- Bruce, Robert, Earl of Carrick, son of the above, [206], [215], [227], [232], [233].
- See also Robert, King of Scots.
- Bruce, John Barbour's, [458].
- Bruges, [143], [210], [211], [327], [343], [344], [346], [398], [402], [418], [434];
- Brussels, [332], [339], [341], [420].
- Brut, the Trojan, [421].
- Brut d'Angleterre, Wace's, [95], [458].
- Brut y Tywysogion, [459].
- Buch, Captal de, [212], [392], 40l, [402], [415].
- Buchan, Comyn, John, Earl of, [198], [206], [257], [316].
- Buchan, Henry de Beaumont, Earl of, [316],
[320], [322];
- See also Beaumont, Henry de.
- Builth, town and castle, [37], [38], [163], [167].
- Buironfosse, [340], [341], [354], [361].
- Bulgaria, [33].
- Burgh, the family of, [269].
- Burgh, Elizabeth de, wife of Robert, King of Scots;
- See Elizabeth, Queen of Scots.
- Burgh, Elizabeth de, wife of Lionel of Clarence, [428], [429].
- Burgh, Hubert de, Earl of Kent, [2], [5], [9], [11]-13, [17]17-47, [51], [53].
- Burgh, Richard de, Earl of Ulster. See Ulster.
- Burgh, Richard de, Lord of Connaught, [48].
- Burgh, William de, Lord of Connaught and Earl of Ulster, [428]. See Ulster.
- Burgh-on-Sands, [235].
- Burghersh, Bartholomew, Bishop of Lincoln, [282], [283], [285], [293], [314], [332]-334, [349], [350].
- Burgos, [73], [405], [406].
- Burgundy, [96], [119], [140], [191], [396], [400], [401], [410], [412], [417].
- Burgundy, Duke of. See Philip the Bold and Philip de Rouvres.
- Burnell, Robert, Chancellor, and Bishop of Bath and Wells, [139], [143], [147], [170], [184], [185].
- Burton-on-Trent, [285].
- Bury, Richard of, Bishop of Durham, [310].
- Bury St. Edmunds, [131], [172], [199]-201, [299], [454], [455].
- Busses, Spanish, [384].
- Butler, Edmund, [270], [271].
- Butler of Ireland, James, the, [307].
- Byland Abbey, [289], [290].
- Bytham Castle, [20], [21].