Omayyads, [78], [81], [120], [143]
Othmán, Caliph, [77]
Othmán’s edition of the Koran, [50]
Ottoman Turks, [99]
Párs, [179];
conquest of, [189]
Paul, Syrian hermit, [229]
Persia, in conflict with Islam, [74];
invaded by Mongols, [99];
Shíite States in, [101];