37. From such a 'status naturalis' there is no possible transition to the 'status civilis,' and the phrase 'jus naturae' remains unmeaning
38. Spinoza's error of regarding 'rights' as possible apart from society was confirmed by his denial of final causes
39. It was just because Plato and Aristotle regarded man as finding his end in the end of the state, that they founded a true theory of rights
40. Spinoza, however, while insisting that man is 'part of nature,' yet places his 'good' in understanding nature and so acquiring a new character
41. In thus recognising the idea of perfection as a determinant of life, he really recognises an operative final cause, though without seeing its bearing on the theory of right.
C. Hobbes.
42. Hobbes differs from Spinoza in regarding the right of the sovereign, not as limited by his power, but as absolute
43. Statement of his doctrine
44. He uses 'person,' as in Roman law, for either (1) a complex of rights, or (2) the subject of those rights
45. Though by his theory the sovereign may be one or many, and sovereignty is transferable by the act of a majority, he tacitly vindicates the absolute right of a de facto monarchy