The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 2 (of 9) / Being His Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, Addresses, and Other Writings, Official and Private

by Thomas Jefferson

[D] [Much of this letter is in cypher, but the notes annexed to it have enabled the Editor to decipher and publish it.]

[E] [The parts of this letter marked by asterisks, are in cypher, and unintelligible.]

[F] [It will be seen that a few words of this letter are in cypher. It is published, however, as written, because enough of it is literal to interest the reader, to whom also, a specimen of the cypher used by the Author, may not be unacceptable.]

[G] [For the letter referred to, see ante, p. 237.]

[H] [Several paragraphs of this letter are in cipher. A few words here could not be deciphered.]

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INDEX TO VOL. II.

• Adams, John—View of his character, [107].
  • His recall from England, [110].
  • Mr. Jefferson's view of his new work, [128], [282].
• Agriculture—Condition of in South of France, [135].
• America—Habits of people in 1786, [13].
  • Current events, [19], [21], [148], [574]. (See [U. States].)
• Antiquities—Monuments in South of France, [132], [133], [134].
  • In Western country, [176].
• Antoinette, Maria—Her character, [154], [310].
• Austria—Our commercial relations with, [28].
  • Relations between Austria and Netherlands, [289].
  • Relations between Austria, Russia, and France, [313], [344], [371].
  • Relations between Austria and Turkey, [392], [396], [510], [531], [552].
• Banks—Mr. Jefferson's views on banking system of England, [405].
• Bank of Philadelphia—Its charter, [24].
• Barbary States—Hostile relations of with U. S., [10], [26], [27], [85].
  • Treaty with Morocco, [72], [94], [125].
    • Its ratification, [264].
  • Treaty with Algiers fails, [85].
  • Intervention of Mathurin Monks in favor of our Algerine prisoners, [93], [113], [270], [307], [386].
  • Redemption of our prisoners, [307], [380], [464], [564].
• Barclay, Mr.—His arrest at Bordeaux, [155], [158], [159], [226].
  • His return to U. S., [183].
  • His pecuniary embarrassments, [183], [210].
  • His character, [210], [211].
• Bed of Justice—Held to force Parliament to register decrees, [258].
• Bills of Rights—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [329], [358].
• Brabant—Revolutionary movement in, [212].
• Brazil—Revolutionary movements in, [140].
  • Communicated to Mr. Jefferson, and his views thereon, [143].
  • Character of population, [140].
• Brienne, Cardinal—His influence over the Queen, [310].
  • His character, [311], [316].
  • His want of popularity, [316].
  • His dismissal, [471].
• Brittany—Difficulties between Noblesse and people in, [577].
• Calonnes, M. de—His administration of finances of France, [298].
• Canals—The Erie and Ohio Canal, [250].
  • Practicability of canal through Isthmus of Panama, [325], [397].
  • Advantages of canal between the Cayahoga and Big Beaver, [370].
  • The Potomac canal, [283].
  • Santee and Cooper canal, [283].
• Caper, The—Culture of in U. S., [198].
• Carmichael, Mr.—His character, [107].
• Carolina, South—Introduction of culture of grape, almond, caper, olive, fig, &c., [197], [198], [199].
• Carr, Peter—Advice as to his education, [237], [409].
• Carrying Trade—Foreign vessels excluded from, between France and her colonies, [338], [346].
• Cincinnati, Society of—Dangers of the society, [61].
• Commerce—Treaties of, with European powers, [5], [17].
  • Transfer of power over to Congress, [19], [21].
  • Commerce with Austria, [28].
  • " with West Indies, [112], [536].
  • " with Sardinia, [146].
  • " with France, [163], [169], [528], [529]. (See [France].)
  • Commercial policy of U. S., [321], [529], [537].
• Confederation, Articles of—Powers of the government under, [23].
  • Reform of, [66].
• Coinage—The coinage of the U. S., [101].
  • Improvements in coinage, [75], [89], [111].
• Constitution, Federal—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [217], [249], [250], [256], [267], [316], [318], [328], [334], [365], [388], [404], [435], [465], [586].
  • His objections to, [316], [318], [329], [355], [358], [375], [399].
  • Description of, [324].
  • Opposition to by different States, [324].
  • Who for and who against it, [324], [358].
  • Best to adopt first and amend afterwards, [332], [355], [399], [404].
  • Vote of different States on adoption of, [384], [423].
  • Conduct of Massachusetts in relation to, [398], [399], [404], [550].
  • Nine States accede thereto, [455], [533].
  • Effect thereof, [533].
  • Virginia and New York accede, proposing amendments, [480], [533], [550].
  • N. Carolina follows lead of Va. and N. York, [492], [550].
  • Debates on Constitution in Va. Convention, [481].
  • Organization of government under, New Constitution, [550], [573], [576].
  • Character of first elections under Federal, [576].
• Consuls—Creatures of Convention, [17].
  • May be dispensed with, [420], [421].
  • Changes in Consular Convention with France, [416], [478], [493].
  • Relative to making foreigners Consuls, [495].
  • Copy of Convention, [498].
• Convention, Federal—Its objects, [149], [211], [257], [264].
  • Distribution of powers of Federal Government, [152].
  • Scheme of New Constitution, [217], [249], [250], [256].
  • Place of Assembling, [480].
• Cornwallis, Lord—His depredations on Mr. Jefferson's property, [426].
• Cotton—Product of Southern States, [12].
• Credit—Credit of the U. S. in Holland, [376].
  • In Austria, [376].
  • In England, [376].
  • In France, [376].
  • Mode of building up credit, [377].
• Dean, Silas—Seizure of his letter books for debt, [454].
  • Purchase thereof for United States, [578], [582].
• [Debt], Domestic—Evil of transferring it to foreigners, [368].
• Debt, Foreign—Relative to the funding of, [507].
  • Transfer of French debt to Holland, [28], [53], [79], [111], [120], [154], [161], [181], [209], [231], [329], [385].
  • Interest on foreign debt not paid, [101], [103], [181], [378].
  • Instalment laws, [216].
  • Debt to foreign officers, and their complaints, [301], [326], [333], [386], [422], [479].
  • Policy of paying interest punctually, [239], [351], [352], [377].
  • Negotiations in relation to, [351], [352].
• Debt, Public—Amount of, [358].
  • Public lands looked to as means of paying, [358].
  • Redeemed at price paid by holder of the script, [360].
  • Negotiations in Holland for loan, [367], [373].
  • Certainty that the whole will ultimately be paid, [422].
• Democracy—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [100], [105], [166], [249].
  • Self government by the people, [166], [249].
• Denmark—Claim against for prize money, [13], [348], [410].
• Dumas, M.—Protection for his official character asked of Netherlands, [287].
  • His claim against U. S., [366].
• Earth, the—Theory of, [68].
• Eastern States—(See [Riots]).
• Education—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [175], [192], [227], [245], [429].
• Emigrants—German emigrants best, [235].
• England—Her calumnies against U. S., [36], [204], [318].
  • England and France compared, [161].
  • Scheme for conquest of U. S., [306].
  • Indisposition of King of England, [490], [532], [577].
  • Relations between England and France, [303], [308], [356].
  • Relations between England, Spain and Russia, [365].
• Europe—Political condition of, [3], [7], [9], [11], [76], [77], [150], [157], [170], [191], [206], [212], [215], [222], [234], [248], [263], [267], [315], [334], [336], [371], [381], [392], [396], [405], [422], [429], [436], [448], [468], [491], [508], [532], [558], [580], [583], [588].
  • Hostilities threatened, [270], [272], [281], [283], [290].
  • Difficulties adjusted, [303], [308].
  • Social and political degradation of, [7].
  • Relations between Turkey and Russia, [262], [263], [272], [288].
  • War between Turkey and Russia, [436], [441], [453], [459], [460], [462], [468], [510], [533], [552], [568].
  • Relations between Russia and Holland, [279], [281], [288], [289], [303], [308], [476], [483].
  • Relations between Austria and Netherlands, [289].
  • Relations between England and France, [356].
  • Relations between Spain, England and Russia, [355].
  • Relations between Austria and Turkey, [392], [396], [510], [531], [552].
  • Relations between Sweden and Russia, [453], [459], [460], [462], [476], [483], [510].
  • Relations between Naples and Papal See, [454].
• Farmers, General—Enjoy monopoly of tobacco trade of France, [14], [70], [89], [183], [186], [193].
  • Difficulties with, [182].
• Federalist, The—Mr. Jefferson's opinion of, [506].
• Finance—Condition of our European finances, [147], [385].
  • Financial embarrassments of France, [222], [230], [570].
• Fiseaux, M.—His loan, [339], [351], [352], [368].
• Flour—New mode of preserving, [236].
• Fourqueux, M. de—Succeeds Calonnes as minister of finance, [138].
• [France]—Military preparations by, [3].
  • Importations of whale oil, [27], [47], [157], [312], [341], [393], [488], [515], [516], [537], [539], [565], [567].
  • Note on whale oil by Mr. Jefferson, [516].
  • Commercial relations with, [45], [47], [50], [65], [88], [163], [169], [260], [274], [278], [298], [312], [341], [487].
  • Description of South of France, [71], [109].
  • Consular convention with, [90].
    • Changes therein, [416], [478], [493], [498].
  • Assembly of Notables, [91], [95], [99], [119], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131].
    • Organization of, [133].
  • Her friendship for U. S., [109].
  • Character of King and Queen of, [154], [301].
  • Commerce with South of, [157].
    • Commercial negotiations, [172], [312], [342].
  • Political condition of, [209], [222], [230], [231], [234], [382].
  • Financial embarrassments of, [222], [230], [510].
  • Ministerial changes, [258], [309], [471].
  • Division of ministry on question of war, [294].
  • Call of States General inevitable, [372].
  • Violent measures of the King, [390].
  • Reforms in constitution granted, [390], [448], [457], [466].
  • Concessions by the King, [448], [450], [506].
  • French revolution begins with aristocratic orders, [457], [459], [490].
  • States General convened, [458], [461], [463], [467], [509].
  • Difficulties as to how they shall be constituted, [468], [485], [491], [492], [511], [551], [561].
  • The question referred to the decision of Notables, [463], [511], [535].
  • Their decision thereon, [535], [548], [556], [561].
  • The court dissatisfied with decision, [536], [561].
  • Riots, [471].
  • Reforms by States General, [535], [562].
    • What reforms practicable, [544], [548].
  • Elections to States General, [580], [589].
  • Severity of winter of 1788-9, [541], [558], [590], [591].
  • Mr. Jefferson's views on rise and progress of French revolution, [554], [591].
• Fur Trade—Establishment of depot at Alexandria, [60].
• Geology—Relative to rock formations, &c., [276].
• George IV.—His character, [558].
• Gordon, Dr.—His history of U. States, [167], [425].
• Grand, Mr.—His advances to U. S., [223].
• Hastings, Warren—His trial, [349].
  • Mr. Jefferson's views on, [349].
• Head and Heart—Dialogue between, [32].
• Hennin, M.—His character, [110].
• Henry, Patrick—His conduct in Va. Assembly, [574].
• [History, Natural]—The deer, elk, &c., [74], [285], [288].
  • Moose, mammoth, &c., [474].
• Holland—Political condition of, [212], [215], [234].
  • Division of parties, [228].
  • Relations between Holland and Prussia, [279], [281], [288], [289].
    • Amicably adjusted, [303], [308], [476], [483].
• Honfleur—Its establishment as a free port, [53], [92], [96], [126].
• Hostage—Case of one confined at Dunkirk, [312].
• Hygrometer—Invented by Dr. Rittenhouse, [83].
• Indians—Our policy towards, [3].
  • The origin of the aborigines of America, [434].
• Indies, West—Trade with, [536].
• International Law—(See [Law of Nations]).
• Inventions, Mechanical—Improvement in making wheels, [97].
• Italy—Description of Northern Italy, [136], [137].
• Jefferson, Thomas—His visit to South of France, [71], [109], [121], [126].
  • His views of South of France, [132], [135], [136], [266].
  • His visit to Northern Italy, [136], [137], [266].
  • Settlement of his accounts as minister, [225], [400], [401].
  • His domestic tastes, [243], [356].
  • His visit to Hague, [361].
  • His outfit as foreign minister, [401], [406].
  • Effort to take him prisoner in Albemarle, [425].
  • Tarleton's conduct at Charlottesville, [425].
  • The depredations of Cornwallis, [425].
  • Petitions for leave of absence to visit U. S., [513], [552].
  • His relations to parties under New Constitution, [586].
  • His views on Hastings' trial, [349].
  • His views on democracy, [100], [105], [106], [249].
• Jones, Paul—Prize money due him, [1].
  • Takes employment in Russian navy, [372], [381], [382].
  • His victory over Turks, [441], [443], [448], [451], [454], [467].
• Klein, M.—His claim against U. States, [569].
• La Fayette—Bust of presented to City of Paris, by Virginia, [30], [44], [118], [123].
  • His services to U. S., [108].
• Lambe, Mr.—His equivocal conduct, [73], [85].
• Lands, Public—Disposal of, [86].
  • Sales of, [325].
  • Disposition of proceeds, [325].
• Laws—Evil of their instability, [333].
• [Law of Nations]—Establishment by treaty of rule Free ships free goods, Enemy's ships enemy's goods, [280].
  • Property of one Sovereign cannot be seized in territory of another, [477], [486].
• Ledyard, J. Mr.—His travels, [151].
  • Arrested by Empress of Russia, [433].
• Literature—New literary works, [95].
• Livy—Arabic translation of, [483].
• Louis XVI.—His character, [154], [310].
• Luzerne, Chevalier de—His return to United States, as minister, [106], [112].
  • Appointed Ambassador to England, [314].
  • His domestic affairs, [445].
• Madison, James—Books for him, [207].
• Mammoth—Account of, [474].
• Mansfield, Lord—Mr. Jefferson's opinion of his decisions, [487].
• Manufactures—Improvement of U. S. in, [91].
  • Reason why U. S. do not prosper in, [412].
  • Domestic manufactures of Va., [412].
• Marseilles—Our trade with, [138].
• Medals—For revolutionary officers, [123].
• Mexico—Classification of population of, [143].
  • Revolutionary movements in, [144].
• Ministers, Foreign—Their salaries insufficient, [401], [406].
  • Entitled to outfit, [402], [406].
  • Have no power to authenticate writings, [542].
• Mississippi River—Navigation of, [106], [378], [396], [398], [416].
• Monarchy—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [221], [249], [253].
• Money—Redemption of paper money of U. S., [51], [64].
  • The money Unit of U. S., [52].
• Moose, the—Account of, [474].
• Montmorin, Ct. de—Appointed successor of Ct. de Vergennes, [122].
  • His character, [131].
• Monticello—Its beautiful scenery, [35].
• Moustier, Ct. de—His character, [293].
  • His mission to U. S., [295].
  • Relative to his recall, [571].
• Music—The Harmonica, [75].
• Naples—Relations with the Papal See, [454].
• Natural History—(See [History]).
• Neckar, M.—Appointed Director General of Finance, [473].
• Neutrality—The true policy of U. S., [253], [291].
  • Treaties with France obstacle to neutrality, [223].
• Notables—Assembly of in France, [91], [95], [99], [119], [127], [128], [129], [131].
  • Organization of, [133].
  • Question of organization of States General referred to, [463], [511], [535].
  • Their decision thereon, [535], [562].
  • Reforms by, [257].
• Office—Rotation is the true principle, [330].
• Olive, the—Its culture in U. States, [359], [414].
  • Olive oil, [359].
• Paine, Thomas—His bridge, [204], [546].
• Panama, Isthmus of—Practicability of canal through, [325].
• Paris—Parisian and American every-day life compared, [116].
  • Improvement in city, [253].
• Parliament of Paris—Resists the crown, [254], [255], [439].
  • Removed to Troyes, [258].
    • Bed of Justice, [258].
• Pearls—Manufacture of, [203].
• Pedometer—[379].
• Peru—Insurrectionary movements in, [147].
  • Our sympathy with, [145].
• Plenary Courts—Mr. Jefferson's views of, [388], [391], [438].
• Pope, the—Relations between Papal See and Naples, [454].
• Portugal—Commercial relations with, [5], [89].
• President—Mr. Jefferson's views on Question of re-eligibility, [330].
• Prisoners—Redemption of our Algerine prisoners, [307], [380], [386], [464], [564].
  • Intervention of Mathurin Monks in their behalf, [93], [113], [270], [307], [386].
• Protestants—Edict of, [13].
• Prussia—Death of King of, [28].
  • Relations of with Holland, [279], [281], [288], [289], [303], [308], [476], [488].
• Ramsay, Dr.—His history, [216].
• Randolph, Thomas—His education, [245].
• Religion—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [237].
  • Reception in Europe of Va. Act of Religious Freedom, [67].
• Republican Government—Its superiority over Monarchical, [221], [249], [253].
• Revolutions—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [332].
• Revolution, American—History of by M. Chas, [63].
• Revolution, French—(See [France]).
• Reyneval, M.—Views of his character, [109].
• Rhode Island, College of—Declines to apply to King of France for donation of books for, [184].
• Rice—Consumption of in France, [48], [434].
  • Rice trade, [138], [537].
  • Mode of preparation, [138], [434].
  • The rice of Lombardy, [139].
  • Attempt to introduce its culture in South Carolina, [139], [178], [347].
  • Difference between Carolina and Piedmont rice, [162], [178], [195].
  • Rice trade of France, [194], [205], [320].
  • Rice of Cochin China, [197].
• [Riots]—In Eastern States, [78], [81], [99], [104], [124], [165], [318], [322], [399].
  • In New York, [415].
• Russia—Relations with Turkey, [261], [263], [272], [285].
  • War with Turkey, [436], [441], [453], [450], [460], [465], [468], [510], [553], [552], [568].
  • Relations with Austria and France, [315], [344], [371].
  • Relations with Sweden, [453], [459], [460], [462], [476], [483], [510].
• Safe Conduct—One asked for Mr. Nesbitt, [575].
• Science—Scientific news of Europe, [247], [270], [429].
  • Theory of vegetation, [430].
  • Astronomical discoveries, [429].
  • The Rainbow, [430].
  • The progress of Chemistry, [431].
• Sea, the—The currents of, [58].
• Slavery—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [357].
• Slave Trade—Its abolition, [357].
• States General—(See [France]).
• Steam—Its use as a motive power, [67], [69].
  • Description of new steam mill, [277].
• Tarleton—His conduct at Charlottesville and Monticello, [425].
• Theatre—The establishment of one at Richmond, Va., [346].
• Tobacco—Trade in to France a monopoly in hands of Farmers General, [14], [70], [89], [183], [186], [193].
  • Tobacco trade of France, [320], [353].
• Treasury—Funds in hands of Mr. Grand, [2].
• Trumbull—His paintings, [10].
• Turkey—Relations with Russia, [262], [263], [272], [288].
  • War with Russia, [436], [441], [453], [459], [460], [462], [468], [510], [533], [552], [568].
  • Relations with Austria, [392], [396], [510], [531], [552].
• [United States]—Habits of people in 1786, [13].
  • Current events, [19], [21], [148], [574].
  • Climate of, [82].
  • Extravagance of people of, [191], [193], [215], [219].
  • The instalment laws of, [216].
  • Minister to, [227], [274].
  • Histories of, [256].
  • Coinage of, [101].
    • Money Unit of, [52].
    • Paper money of, how redeemed, [52].
  • Public debt of, (See [Debt].)
• Vergennes, Ct. de—View of his character, [108].
  • His ill-health, [113].
  • His death, [122].
• Vice Presidency—Candidates for first Vice Presidency, [465], [490], [573].
• Virginia—Notes on, [6].
  • Circumstances of their publication, [170], [180].
  • Revisal of Code of, [6].
  • The sea breezes on her coast, [54].
  • Arms and ammunition for, [215].
• War—Effect of European war on U. S., [252].
• Washington, Gen.—His statue by Houdon, [250].
  • His vast popularity, [465].
  • Looked to as first President, [465], [587].
  • Mr. Jefferson's views of, [587].
• Western Country—Its antiquities, [176].
  • Danger of its separation from East, [106], [153], [395].
  • Our policy towards, [395].
• West Indies—Our commerce with, [536].
• Whale Fishery—Note on by Mr. Jefferson, [516].
• William and Mary College—Ability of its Faculty, [428].
• Wills—Construction of G. Harmer's will, [242].
• Writing Machine—A new invention, [110].
• Wyoming—Account of the massacre of, [102], [114].

Transcriber's Note: