ISTIRJĀʿ (استرجاع). Lit. “Returning.” A term used for the act of appealing to God for help in the time of affliction by repeating the following ejaculation from the Qurʾān, [Sūrah ii. 150]: Innā liʾllāhi wa innā ilaihi rajiʿūn, “Verily, we belong to God, and verily we shall return to God.” This formula is used by Muḥammadans in any danger or sudden calamity, especially in the presence of death.
ISTIṢḤĀB (استصحاب). A law or injunction contained in a previous revelation (e.g. the Law of Moses) and not abrogated by the succeeding law-giver.
ISTIS̤NĀʾ (استثناء). Lit. “Excepting or excluding.” A term used for the custom of exclaiming, “If God will.” It is in accordance with the injunctions of the Qurʾān, [Sūrah xviii. 23]: “And never say of anything, ‘Verily, I am going to do that to-morrow,’ without, ‘If God will.’ ” (Compare [James iv. 15]: “For ye ought to say, If the Lord will.”)
ISTISQĀʾ (استسقاء). Prayers for rain, consisting of two rakʿah prayers. (Mishkāt, book iv. ch. liii.)
IʿTĀQ (اعتاق). Lit. “Setting free.” The manumission of slaves. [[SLAVERY].]
IT̤FĪR (اطفير). [[POTIPHAR].]
IʿTIKĀF (اعتكاف). Seeking retirement in a mosque during the last ten days of the Fast of Ramaẓān; during which time the worshipper does not leave the place, except for necessary purposes. The time is spent in reciting the Qurʾān and in performing the ceremony of Ẕikr, or the recital of the names and praises of the Deity.
ʿITQ (عتق). “Being free.” In the language of the law it signifies the power given to a person by the extinction of bondage. Hence the emancipation of slaves. (Hidāyah, vol. i. p. 413.)
ITTIḤAD (اتحاد). Union; concord; intimate friendship. A term used by the Ṣūfī mystics for “seeing the existence of all things visible as only existing in God.” (ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq’s Dict. of Ṣūfī Terms.)
IẔN (اذن). Permission. [[INTERCESSION].]