Sult̤ān Maḥmūd ʿAbdu ʾllāh (A.H. 706, A.D. 1306), was the first monarch of Persia who proclaimed himself a Shīʿah.
III.—The Fāt̤imide K͟halīfahs were a dynasty who claimed the K͟halīfate in the reign of the Abbaside K͟halīfah Muqtadir, their founder, ʿUbaidu ʾllāh, pretending to be al-Mahdī, “The Director,” and a descendant of Fāt̤imah, the daughter of the Prophet. They reigned over Egypt and North Africa from A.D. 910 to A.D. 1171, and were in all fourteen K͟halīfahs.
1. ʿUbaidu ʾllāh, A.D. 910.
(Ravaged the coasts of Italy and invaded Egypt several times.)
2. Al-Qāʾim, A.D. 933.
3. Al-Manṣūr, A.D. 946.
4. Al-Muʿizz, A.D. 955.
(Established the K͟halīfate of the Fāt̤imides in Egypt; defeated in Spain; took Sicily; founded Cairo; conquered Syria and Palestine.)
5. Al-ʿAzīz, A.D. 978.
(Married a Christian woman, whose brothers he made Patriarchs of Alexandria and Jerusalem.)