REBEL. Arabic bāg͟hī (باغى), pl. bug͟hāt. A legal term for a person, or a body of people, who withdraw themselves from obedience to the rightful Imām. In case of rebellion, the Imām must first call the rebels to his allegiance and show them what is right, and if they refuse to obey, he must use force of arms. (Hidāyah, vol. ii. 248.)
RECORDING ANGELS, The. [[KIRAMU ʾL-KATIBIN].]
RED SEA. Arabic al-Baḥru ʾl-Aḥmar (البحر الاحمر). Mentioned in the Qurʾān as al-Baḥr, “the Sea.”
[Sūrah i. 47]: “When we divided for you the sea, and saved you and drowned Pharaoh’s people.”
[Sūrah x. 90]: “And We brought the Children of Israel across the sea.”
In Muḥammadan works it is known as the Baḥru ʾl-Qulzum, or Qalzam. Jalālu ʾd-Dīn, the commentator, says the town of Qulzum is the same as Ailah (the Elath of the Bible, [Deut. ii. 8]), a town at the head of the Arabian Gulf. The Αἴλανα of Strabo (xvi. p. 768). It is referred to in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah vii. 163]: “Ask them about the city which stood by the sea.” Elath was at one time a place of importance, but it has now become quite insignificant.
RELIGION. The religion of Muḥammadans is called Islām (اسلام), and the laws of God Sharīʿah (شريعة). There are three words used by Muslim writers for the word religion, namely, Dīn, Millah, and Maẕhab. In the Kitābu ʾt-Taʿrīfāt, the difference between these words is as follows:—
Dīn (دين) is used for religion as it stands in relation to God, e.g. Dīnu ʾllāh, “the religion of God.”
Millah (ملة), as it stands in relation to the Prophet or lawgiver, e.g. Millatu Ibrāhīm, “the religion of Abraham,” or Millatu ʾr-Rasūl, “the Prophet’s religion.”
Maẕhab (مذهب), as it stands in relation to the decisions of the Mujtahidūn, e.g. Muẕhabu Abī Ḥanīfah.