The general practice amongst Muḥammadans is according to the last tradition, but it is held to be very overbearing for a person to require others to rise for him.
Muʿāwiyah says that “the Prophet said, ‘He who is pleased at other people rising for him, does but prepare a place for himself in the fire of hell.’” (Mishkāt, book xxii. ch. iv.) [[SALUTATION].]
RITES. Arabic mansak, mansik (منسك), pl. manāsik. The rites and ceremonies attending religious worship in general. Qurʾān, [Sūrah xxii. 35]: “To every nation we appointed rites (mansak) to mention the name of God over the brute beasts which he has provided for them.
The term mansik is more frequently used for a place of sacrifice, while mansak applies to religious observances, but the plural manāsik is common to both, and rendered by Professor Palmer and Mr. Rodwell in their translations of the Qurʾān, “rites.”
The principal rites of the Muslim religion are the Hajj, or Pilgrimage to Makkah, with the ceremonies at the Makkan Temple [[HAJJ]]; the daily ritual of the liturgical prayers [[PRAYER]]; the marriage and funeral ceremonies; and, with the Shīʿahs, the ceremonies of the Muḥarram. The sacrifice on the great festival, although primarily part of the Makkan Pilgrimage ceremonies, is celebrated in all parts of Islām on the ʿĪdu ʾl-Aẓḥā, or Feast of Sacrifice. [[IDU ʾL-AZHA].] The ceremony of Ẕikr can hardly be said to be one of the rites of orthodox Islām, although it is common in all parts of the Muslim world; it belongs rather to the mystic side of the Muḥammadan religion. [[SUFI], [ZIKR].]
RIVER. Arabic nahr (نهر), pl. anhār; Heb. נָהָר nahar. The word بحر baḥr, “sea,” being also used for a large river. [[SEA].]
According to Muḥammadan law rivers are of three descriptions:
1. Those which are not the property of any, and of which the waters have not been divided, like the Tigris and the Euphrates. The care of these rivers, being the duty of the State, and the charge of keeping them in order must be defrayed from the public treasury, but these expenses must be disbursed from the funds of tribute and capitation-tax, and not from those of tithe and alms.
2. Rivers which are appropriated and divided, and yet at the same time public rivers on which boats sail. The clearing of such rivers must be done at the expense of the proprietors, although its waters are used for the public benefit.
3. Water-courses which are held in property and divided, and on which no boats sail. The keeping of such streams rests entirely with the proprietors.