The Sovereignty of the Sea / An Historical Account of the Claims of England to the Dominion of the British Seas, and of the Evolution of the Territorial Waters - Thomas Wemyss Fulton

Aberdeen, [84], [215], [227], [298], [407]
Abreu y Bertodano on territorial sea, [559]
Admiral, office of, [30], [31], [32], [41], [51], [52], [53], [54], [266], [329], [363], [364] n.
Admiralty, [18], [31], [248], [249], [260], [261], [262], [263], [266], [277], [280], [286], [288], [293], [318], [328], [520]
Admiralty and “striking,” [277], [278], [380-383], [438], [455], [456], [472]
Admiralty, High Court of, [54], [120], [122], [124], [243], [244] n., [251], [285], [358], [363], [369], [391], [465] n.;
and striking, [513];
decisions as to neutral waters, [553];
decisions as to three-mile limit, [576], [577]
Admiralty jurisdiction, origin of, [6], [17], [30], [32]
Admiralty, on extent of British Seas, [20], [438]
Adriatic, [52] n.;
sovereignty of, [3], [4], [8], [16], [33], [107], [111], [339], [341], [350], [357], [361], [371], [539];
fisheries of, [659]
Aerssen, François van, Dutch ambassador, [200], [336]
Africaine, case of, [641] n.
Agincourt, [8], [35]
Agnes G. Donohoe, case of, [663]
Albemarle, Duke of. See Monk.
Albertsz, Jan, Captain, [171], [173], [174]
Alderney, [103]
Alexander, Sir William, Secretary for Scotland, [219], [220], [225] n., [227], [232]
Alfred, King, [26]
Algarve, fishery treaty with, [67]
Algeria, [527];
territorial sea, [657]
Allin, Sir Thomas, [468], [471], [477]
Alverstone, Lord, [692]
Alward, G. L., [711] n., [739] n.
Amboyna, [430]
America, British North, fishery disputes with United States, [580];
fishery limit, [650];
ten-mile limit for bays, [626], [627], [628], [629];
six-mile limit for bays, [627], [629], [630];
fishery rights, [531], [532], [731], [731] n.;
Hague Tribunal on, [732] n.;
Mixed Commission to delimit bays, [628];
modus vivendi with United States, [626], [628], [629];
treaties regarding fisheries, See Treaties.
America, fisheries claimed for crown, [235]
Amsterdam, [73], [132], [181], [183], [282], [368]
Amsterdam Island, [194] n.
Ancient Britons and maritime dominion, [25], [26]
Angelus, [351]
Angevins, [8], [26], [29], [65], [207]
Anglo-Saxons, [26], [27], [28], [541], [542]
Anna, case of, [579], [641] n.
Annapolis, case of, [586] n.
Anne of Austria, [117]
Anne, Queen, [161], [354], [520], [523]
Anstruther Easter, [165], [175] n.
Antwerp, [49], [73], [148];
treaty of, [148], [344], [350]
Appropriation of sea. See Sea.
Aquitaine, [19], [213];
fisheries at, [67]
Archer, Walter E., [736] n.
Argentine Republic, claim to great bays, [661];
claim to wide limit of exclusive fishery, [661], [662]
Argyle, Earl of, [153] n.
Arlington, Lord, [469], [483], [490], [497], [502]
Armed Neutrality, [522], [563], [571], [572]
Arundel, Earl of, [227], [239] n., [241], [314], [316], [477]
Aschehoug, on territorial sea, [686], [688]
Assize-herring, [82], [124], [138], [144], [152-154], [163-171], [180], [194-196], [203], [293], [346], [347], [352], [355];
proposal to levy from foreign fishermen, [124], [167];
demanded from Dutch, [180];
how to be levied from Dutch, [195], [196], [757];
paid by Dutch fishermen, [169];
value of, [195]
Auber, on territorial sea, [691]
Australia, pearl fisheries, [697]
Austria-Hungary, territorial sea, [572], [658];
Customs jurisdiction, [594], [659];
reciprocal rights of fishery with Italy, [659]
Ayrshire, fishermen of, [83]
Azores, [106]
Azuni, on territorial sea, [564], [565];
on range of vision, [546]
Bacon, Lord, [73], [163] n., [189], [223]
Bagg, Sir James, [280]
Baldus, on territorial limit, [351], [360], [539], [540], [541]
Balfour of Burleigh, Lord, [730]
Ballantrae Bank herring fishery, [238]
Balmerino, Lord, [187]
Baltic, [61], [409], [432], [434];
as closed sea, [572] n.;
sovereignty over, [4], [33], [108], [350], [371], [377], [550], [552], [555];
territorial limits in, [655]
Baltimore, [247]
Barbary, [327]
Barclay, Sir Thomas, [689] n., [690]
Barebones Parliament, [428];
on sovereignty of sea, [13], [413]
Barents Sea, foreign trawlers in, [713]
Barking, [699]
Barneveldt, Elias van Olden, [155], [157] n.
Barneveldt, J. van Olden, [152], [159], [162], [170], [173], [191]
Barrère, on the freedom of the sea, [595]
Barrett, Frank, [738] n.
Bartolus, on territorial limit, [351], [539], [541]
Bates, Joshua, on bay of Fundy, [625]
Batten, Sir William, [380], [382], [448], [456]
Battle of the Downs, [330]
Baty, Dr Thomas, Hon. Secretary, International Law Association, [673] n.
Bays. See Territorial Sea.
Bayonne, [52] n.
Beaufort, de, Duke, Admiral of France, [463], [472]
Beaufort, Henry, [56] n.
Beaufort, Sir Thomas, [40]
Behring Sea, fishery disputes, negotiations with Russia, [581-585];
Russian ukase fixing 100-mile limit, [541];
gunshot limit accepted by Russia, [582], [585];
three-mile limit adopted by Russia, [585];
United States on Russian claim, [584];
Tribunal of Arbitration, [663], [664], [695], [695] n., [732];
Japanese sealers in, [696] n.;
whaling in, [585]
Belgium, complaints against fishermen of, [615], [616];
territorial sea, [658]
Bell Rock, territoriality of, [642]
Bengal, Bay of, [625]
Bergen, [109]
Berkeley, Sir William, on striking, [472]
Berwick, [49], [60], [73], [219]
Beukelsz, invention of herring cure, [61], [426] n.
Beuningen, van, Dutch ambassador, [511]
Beveren, van, Dutch ambassador, [302], [303], [304], [312], [315], [316], [317], [320]
Beverning, Hieronymus van, Dutch ambassador, [415], [418], [433], [504]
Beverwaert, van, Dutch ambassador, [449] n., [450]
Binge, Raymond, [109] n.
Binning, Captain, [513]
Binning, Lord, [80], [178], [179] n., [186], [187]
Birch, [28]
Bird, Sir William, [174] n.
Biscay, [255];
fishermen of, [67], [98];
whalers at Spitzbergen, [183] n.
Biscay, Bay of, [19], [510], [521];
fisheries in, [707], [713];
territoriality of, [625]
Bishop of Isles, [242]
Bishop of Ross, [77]
Bishop, on territorial sea, [683]
Black Book of Admiralty, [7],[16], [39-42], [52], [53], [66], [410] n.
Blackburn, Lord, on territorial sea, [589]
Black Sea, [371]
Blackstone, on Sovereignty of Sea, [580] n.
Blake, General Robert, [408], [421], [422];
instructions to, regarding sovereignty of sea, [382], [383];
encounter with Tromp, [12], [207] n., [397], [398] n., [401], [403], [404];
correspondence with Tromp, [404] n., [772];
captures Dutch herring busses, [311] n., [406], [407]
Blakeney, [49], [90] n.
Blockade, [209], [264], [265], [268]
Bluntschli, on territorial sea, [682], [688]
Blyth, [250]
Board of Trade on fishery limit, [616];
and German territorial limits, [652]
Bodin, on territorial limit, [540]
Bohemia, [191], [197], [198]
Bohemia, Queen of. See Elizabeth.
Bohuslän, herring fishery at, [62]
Bordeaux, [28], [61], [97]
Boreel, Dutch ambassador, [482], [483], [485], [490]
Boroughs, Sir John, Keeper of the Records, on Sovereignty of Sea, [25], [28], [39], [43], [64] n., [254], [364], [365], [366], [411];
discovery of rolls, [31], [213], [254];
on foreign fishermen, [132]
Boston, [73]
Boswell, Sir W., British ambassador at The Hague, [212], [213], [257], [258], [259] n., [264], [317], [318], [319], [321]
Botetourt, Sir John de, [46] n., [60]
Bothnia, Gulf of, sovereignty over, [4], [564]
Boulogne, [104], [274], [281]
Bourne, Rear-Admiral, meets Tromp, [400];
assists Blake, [403]
Bouwensz, Joost, [294] n., [298] n., [304]
Brabant, [49], [50], [70], [71]
Bracton, [66], [362] n., [539]
Bradshaw, [409]
Braeckel, Captain, [476]
Braems, Sir Arnold, [318], [515]
Brazil, [327], [393], [430]
Breda, conference at, [459], [464], [476];
treaty of, [465], [492], [501]
Brederode, W. van, [81]
Bremen, fishermen and merchants from, [126], [129], [130], [169], [227], [235], [327];
negotiations at, [110], [373]
Bressay Sound, [129], [131], [215]
Briel, [43], [73], [78], [142], [278], [511], [512]
Bristol, [96], [108]
Bristol Channel, territoriality of, [586], [725]
British Colonies, territorial sea, [661]
British fisheries, foreigners at. See Fisheries.
British Seas. See Sea.
British subjects in foreign service, [260], [359] n.;
in Dutch navy, [251] n.
Brittany, [36], [48], [54], [56], [67], [68], [69], [103], [213], [270]
Britton, [539]
Brixham, [699]
Brood and spawn of fish, [213]
Brouershaven, [77]
Brown, James, [194]
Brown, John, [166], [191] n., [194] n., [195], [195] n., [196];
sent to uplift the assize herrings from Dutch fishermen, [169], [170], [171];
seized by Dutch and carried to Holland, [172], [173];
released, [173];
Dutch apologise, [173];
counsel’s opinion on seizure, [174]
Bruce, King Robert, [76]
Bruce, Patrick, [181]
Bruges, [43], [52] n., [71], [73];
fishing charter from Charles II., [460], [461], [504], [616], [617], [772]
Brussels, [71], [318], [335]
Bucentaur, [4], [567] n.
Buchan Ness, [131], [166], [227], [233], [321], [406]
Buckingham, Duke of, [201], [266] n., [490], [497]
Buckland, Frank, on inexhaustibility of fisheries, [636]
Burchett, on Sovereignty of Sea, [311] n., [521]
Burghs, Scottish, [216], [240]
Burgundy, Duchess of, [71], [72]
Burgundy, Duke of, [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [158]
Burgundy, House of, [49]
Burgundy treaties, [69], [70], [72], [86], [112], [145], [146], [147], [158], [288], [312] n., [356], [370], [412] n., [425], [500]
Burgus, P. B., on dominion of Ligurian Sea, [411], [550]
Burnham, [90]
Bushell, William, [284]
Bynkershoek, Cornelius van, [21], [350], [538], [579], [591], [595], [650], [685], [686];
on territorial sea, [555], [556];
on range of vision, [546]
Cadiz, [246]
Cæsar, Sir Julius, [120], [146], [155], [156] n.
Caithness, [126], [227]
Calais, [18], [29], [34], [37] n., [45] n., [49], [50], [65], [68], [70], [71], [73], [74], [103], [104], [204], [205], [266], [273], [274], [278], [280], [282], [327], [401], [440]
Callis, Serjeant, on the appropriation of the sea, [54], [66], [358], [363]
Calvo, on territorial sea, [340], [682], [688]
Camden, [64], [142]
Canada, fishery rights at. See British North America.
Cancale, Bay of. See Granville Bay.
Canning, George, on Behring Sea, [583]
Cannon range limit, proposed by Dutch, [156].
See Territorial Sea.
Canterbury, [41]
Cape Bojador, [105]
Cape de Verde, [106]
Cape Finisterre, [270], [469], [478], [502], [505], [510], [515], [521]
Cape of Good Hope, [105], [340], [343], [344]
Cape St Vincent, [270], [434], [435], [465], [466] n., [469], [478], [502], [503], [508], [510]
Cardinal Infant, [243], [318], [319], [335]
Carew, Lord George, [202]
Carleton, Sir Dudley, [128], [168], [172], [173], [174], [176], [177], [180], [185], [190], [192], [193], [197], [212];
on Grotius, [351]
Carlisle, Earl of, [222] n., [227] n.
Caron, Sir Noel, Dutch ambassador, [151-154], [163], [165], [168-174], [201]
Carrick, Earl of, [225] n.
Carteret, Captain, [291], [327]
Casaregi, on territorial sea, [558]
Castile, [32], [67]
Castro, Francis Alphonso de, on dominion of sea, [341]
Catalonia, [45]
Cats, Dutch ambassador, [391]
Cattegat, territoriality of, [653]
Cavendish, [5]
Cecil, Secretary Sir William, [88], [90], [91], [92], [95], [105], [114], [115], [128] n., [133], [204]
Ceva, Cardinal de, [273] n.
Ceylon, pearl fisheries, [560], [697]
Chaleurs, Bay of, [623], [624], [625], [627] n., [628], [629], [630], [692]
Chamberlain, Joseph, [628]
Champagne, on freedom of the sea, [595], [596]
Chancellor, [181]
Channel, English, [9], [18], [19], [21], [29], [42], [43], [209], [247], [250], [266], [269], [270], [276], [327], [407], [465];
extent of, [432], [465] n. [506] n.;
great avenue of commerce, [30];
importance of command of, [30];
fisheries in, [65] n., [68], [544];
licenses for fishing in, [65];
disputes with French fishermen, [607], [608];
mid-line limit, [542], [544];
sovereignty over, [6], [8], [16], [35], [36], [101], [103], [207], [208], [246], [432];
striking in, [117], [212], [469], [470]
Channel Islands, [29], [36], [103]
Charles the Bold, [72]
Charles I., [17], [28], [31], [117], [119], [338];
asked to free the seas of Hollander busses, [211], [234];
opinion on importance of fisheries, [213];
initiates fishery association, [214];
plan of, [215], [216];
lays scheme before Council in Scotland, [218], [219], [220];
ill received in Scotland, [220];
opposed by Scottish Parliament, [222];
debates regarding, [224];
his great anxiety for, [225];
Scottish Commissioners appointed, [225];
his letters on, [232], [233];
Royal Fishery Society established, [239];
proceedings of, [241];
misfortunes and failure of Fishery Society, [241-243];
claim to sovereignty of sea, [10], [11], [119], [209-212], [251], [258];
proclamation regarding narrow seas and King’s Chambers, [251];
draft proclamation re Sovereignty of Sea, [759];
personal policy, [253];
pretext for equipping a fleet, [253];
deceives his Council, [255];
secret agreement with Spain, [253], [255], [260], [264];
instructions to first ship-money fleet, [259];
failure of his policy, [275];
report of Admiralty as to employment of second ship-money fleet, [288], [762];
instructions regarding license money from foreign fishermen, [295];
proclamation forbidding unlicensed fishing by foreigners, [293], [294];
licenses to fishermen, [762];
negotiations with Dutch as to unlicensed fishing, [305], [306];
tries surreptitiously to induce Dutch to accept licenses, [317], [319], [321];
Dutch despatch a fleet to protect their fishermen, [321];
general dissatisfaction with his actions, [324];
his power on sea wanes, [328];
pretensions to sovereignty of sea flouted by Dutch, [328], [329];
battle of Downs, [335];
proceedings regarding Spanish fleet and Tromp, [331], [336]
Charles II., his efforts to develop fisheries, [441];
Bill to encourage fisheries, [443];
directed against foreigners, [444], [444] n.;
establishes the Royal Fishery, [446-448];
failure of, [449];
Dutch embassy, negotiations concerning fishery question, [449], [450], [451], [455];
tries to prevent Franco-Dutch treaty, [454];
treaty with the United Provinces, [455];
disputes about striking, [455];
second Dutch war, [457], [458];
very popular, [458];
course of, [459];
terms of peace, [464];
claim to exclusive fishing withdrawn, [464];
question of striking, [464], [465];
extent of British seas, [465], [466];
licenses offered to Dutch fishermen, [460];
De Witt’s proposals as to striking, [468];
verbal arrangement with Louis as to striking, [471], [471] n.;
Triple Alliance, [474];
secret treaty of Dover, [474];
obtains a subsidy, [475];
ill-feeling against Dutch fomented, [476];
accuses De Witt of secret negotiations with Louis, [476];
recall of Sir William Temple, [476];
pretext for war in the “honour of the flag,” [476];
sends his yacht Merlin to pick a quarrel over the salute, [477], [478], [479];
failure of the Merlin, [480];
dispute with Dutch as to striking, [482];
Dutch asked to acknowledge his dominion of the seas, [482];
the Dutch hoodwinked, [482];
rejects concessions of Dutch, [483], [484];
orders Dutch shipping to be seized, [484], [485];
failure of attack on Smyrna fleet, [486], [487];
declaration of war against States-General, [487];
declaration on the honour of the flag and sovereignty of the sea, [487], [488];
arranges salute with Louis, [488];
terms offered the Dutch, [490];
demands payment for fishery, [491], [491] n.;
summons Parliament, [492];
subsidy granted, [493];
the war intensely unpopular, [493];
efforts to stir up animosity against Dutch, [494-498];
congress at Cologne, [498];
terms of peace offered, [498];
question of flag and striking, [498], [499], [501-503], [505], [506], [508];
question of fisheries, [498-500], [503-505], [508];
negotiations for separate peace, [504-508];
peace concluded, [508];
establishes a new fishery company, [516]
Charles V., [74], [75], [78], [79], [81]
Charteris, A. H., [586] n.
Chaterton, Sir Richard, [448]
Chatham, [459], [476]
Chelchethe, John de, [50]
Chelmsford, Lord, on territorial sea, [586] n.
Chester, [96]
Chili, territorial sea, [661]
Chitty, on Sovereignty of Sea, [580] n.
Chitty, on territorial sea, [597]
Christian V. of Denmark, prohibits fishing at Greenland, [528]
Churchill, Lieutenant, [486] n.
Cinque Ports, [29], [32], [36], [55], [244], [247], [295], [381] n.;
complain about foreign fishermen, [144], [145];
fishermen of, [58], [90] n., [144];
jurisdiction on sea, [213], [544], [544] n.;
licenses to French fishermen, [65]
Clarendon, Chancellor, [241], [457]
Clee, [90]
Cleveland yacht, [511]
Clyde, Firth of, foreign trawlers in, [647];
fisheries of, [83], [221] n., [233], [235], [239];
Cnut, King, and the sea, [26];
charter regarding Sandwich, [542]
Cockaine, Sir William, [202]
Cockburn, Lord Chief-Justice, on Bristol Channel, [586], [587], [588];
on territorial sea, [591], [591] n.
Cockraine, Captain, [437]
Cod-fishing, [79], [131], [221] n., [672]
Coke, Lord Chief-Justice, [17], [27], [43], [44], [44] n., [46], [66], [213];
on appropriation of sea, [363]
Coke, Secretary, Sir John, [130] n., [227] n., [268], [269];
on the British seas, [20], [264] n.;
on the fishery scheme, [215-218], [232], [235-237], [239] n., [241], [243];
on sovereignty of sea, [20], [211], [212], [255-258], [264], [271], [302]
Coke, Roger, [127] n.
Colbert, French ambassador, [471], [471] n.
Cologne, congress at, [264] n., [323] n., [347] n., [491] n., [498], [506], [510]
Colomb, Admiral, [311] n.
Columbus, [106], [340]
Commerce, [53], [91], [106], [107], [134], [135], [143], [163], [210], [255], [339], [340], [342], [390], [391], [395], [408], [413], [457];
in middle ages, [3], [5], [6], [7], [29], [30], [34] and n., [43], [44], [67], [69], [86];
monopoly of, [5], [106]
Commercial enterprise, expansion of, [6], [339], [340], [342], [533]
Commercial jealousy of Dutch, [10], [422], [441], [457]
Commonwealth, instructions as to striking, [380], [381];
relations with United Provinces, [384];
negotiations for alliance, [384], [385];
St John’s mission to The Hague, [384-390];
Navigation Act, [391];
seizure of Dutch ships, [391];
letters of reprisal against the Dutch, [391], [392], [393];
renewed negotiations, [392-396];
thirty-nine articles considered, [393], [764];
differences as to sovereignty of sea, [393], [394];
question of striking, [394], [395];
question of fishery, [394], [396];
question of right of visitation and search, [396];
negotiations interrupted, [397];
indignation against States-General for attack on Blake, [404];
terms offered to Pauw, [405];
Dutch ships seized and preparations for war, [405];
declaration on sovereignty of sea, [409];
Mare Clausum to be translated and printed, [410];
peace negotiations with Dutch, [414-435];
terms offered, [415];
Dutch propose the Intercursus Magnus as basis, [416];
liberty of fishing offered, [417];
the twenty-seven articles proposed, [419];
proposal for fusion of English and Dutch, [416], [417], [418], [419];
question of dominion of the sea, [418], [419], [423], [433], [436];
of extent of British seas, [429], [431-436];
of fishing, [417], [418], [419], [420], [422], [423], [424], [425], [427], [430], [436];
of guarding the sea, [421-424], [431], [436];
of limitation of Dutch fleet, [421], [422], [423], [436];
of the Prince of Orange, [422], [430], [433], [435];
of striking, [417], [419], [420], [424], [429], [431], [432], [436];
Dutch propose a “regulation” for, [405], [418], [424], [429], [431], [433];
Dutch propose to strike in all seas, [432];
of visit and search, [420-424], [431], [436];
treaty signed, [435]
Conception Bay, territoriality of, [588], [589]
Conringius, [550]
Conway, Viscount, [268], [269], [284] n.
Cook, George M., [728] n.
Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley, [429].
See also Lord Shaftesbury.
Cope, Sir Walter, [128] n., [138]
Corinth, Gulf of, [661]
Cornish, James, on spawning of fish, [610]
Cornwall, pilchards, [134], [143]
Cornwallis, Lord, [360]
Cottingham, Sir Francis, [227] n.
Cottington, Lord, [253], [263]
Courcel, Baron de, on three-mile limit, [664] n., [696] n.
Coventry, Lord, [254], [255], [286]
Craig, Sir Thomas, [359] n.;
on the right of fishery, [357]
Crail, [84], [175] n., [242]
Craudon, [54], [55], [56]
Cromarty, [227]
Cromer, [90], [296]
Crompton, Sir Thomas, [146]
Cromwell, Oliver (see also Commonwealth), [13], [28], [65], [72], [337], [378], [404], [410] n., [414], [451], [495], [505];
arguments for exclusive fishery, [425];
clandestine negotiations with Dutch, [414], [415], [417], [430] n.;
on sovereignty of sea, [419], [423], [424], [435];
renews fishing licenses for Zowe, [440]
Cromwell, Richard, on extent of British seas, [438]
Crow, Captain, [479], [480]
Cuba, territorial limit, [665]
Cunæus, Professor Petrus, [375]
Customs limit. See Territorial sea.
Dana, on territorial sea, [683]
Danby, Earl of, [516]
Danegeld, [26]
Dantzic, [216], [242]
Dartmouth, [267]
David I., [59]
Davidson, Thomas, [84]
Davis’ Straits, [184]
Deal Castle, [279]
Dean, Major-General, [382], [406], [408]
Decay of English fisheries. See Fisheries.
Decay of havens and sea-coast towns, [89], [90], [98], [446]
Dee, Dr John, [27] n., [95], [111], [125], [203], [214] n., [364] n.;
on sovereignty of sea, [99], [101]
Delaware Bay, claimed by United States, [574], [599], [629]
Delfshaven, [294] n., [298] n.
Delft, [73], [397] n.
Demetrius, Emanuel, [156]
Denmark, [26], [45], [54], [464], [527];
claim to cod-fishing at Iceland, [528];
to whaling at Greenland, [527];
fisheries of, [92];
fishermen on British coasts, [605];
claims to sovereignty of sea, [4], [8], [16], [33], [86], [105], [112], [158], [339], [340], [358];
opposed by Queen Elizabeth, [107], [108], [109], [110];
on striking, [470], [471], [473];
territorial sea, [528], [529], [653], [655], [664];
range of vision claimed, [529], [545];
inclusion in Cromwell’s treaty with Dutch, [433]
Deptford, [266]
De Ruyter, [408], [456], [457] n., [458], [459], [463], [472], [479], [481], [489], [493]
De Seneterre, [302]
Desjardins, on territorial sea, [685], [688]
“De Superioritate maris” roll, [8], [31], [41], [43], [44] and n., [45], [49], [50], [54], [363], [740], [744]
Devonshire, Earl of, [138]
De With, [408], [437]
De Witt, Cornelius, [459]
De Witt, John, [398], [414], [422], [433], [434], [449];
secret negotiations with Cromwell, [430] n., [434], [435];
secret negotiations with France regarding fishery and flag, [451-454], [471], [476];
attitude on sovereignty of sea, [450], [451], [454], [468], [470];
on fishery claim, [450], [451-457];
on striking, [14], [452], [457], [467], [468], [470], [471];
on striking to a frigate or ketch, [470], [477], [509];
on striking to French, [463], [464];
assassinated, [491]
Dieppe, [49], [50], [61], [65], [116], [440], [473]
Digby, Sir Kenelm, [292], [375]
Digges, Sir Leonard, [96]
Digges, Thomas, on foreshore and bed of sea, [362]
Dogger Bank, [131], [407] n., [699], [700]
Dominion of Sea. See Sovereignty of Sea.
Dorchester, Viscount, [212]. See Carleton.
Dorp, van, [273], [274], [300], [312], [313], [321]
Dorset, Earl of, [227] n.
Dort, [73]
Dover, [49], [73], [103], [145] n., [204], [205], [265], [400];
straits of, [6], [8], [16], [18], [36], [104], [273], [330], [397], [401], [515]
Downing, Sir George, English ambassador at The Hague, [454], [482], [483], [488]
Downs, The, [120], [245], [259], [260], [265], [268], [270], [274], [290], [323], [330], [331], [332], [334], [335], [336], [400]
Drake, Sir F., [5], [107]
Drechsel, C. F., Captain, [647] n., [707] n.
Dudley, Sir Henry, [116]
Dues levied at Scarborough Castle, [64]
Dunbar, [59], [153] n., [166], [221] n.
Dunedin, Lord, Lord Justice-General, on territorial sea, [724]
Dunfermline, Earl of, [80], [179] n., [223]
Dunkirk, [73], [125], [215], [242], [267], [278], [282], [327];
blockade of, [253], [265], [266], [268], [270], [273-275], [276], [290], [327], [330], [334]
Dunkirk privateers, [11], [243], [247-250], [261], [263], [265], [273], [282], [289], [291], [296], [302], [304], [318], [322], [327], [328], [330]
Dunn, Sir Daniel, [146], [155]
Dunwich, [90] n.
Durham, [133]
Dussen, E. van der, Dutch ambassador, [185] n.
Dutch, [5], [69], [77], [79], [81], [143], [217], [243], [253], [255], [261], [263], [275], [289];
commercial jealousy of, [10], [125], [142], [413];
encouraged to settle in England, [515];
growth of fisheries and commerce, [10], [62], [87], [143];
fisheries, growth and extent of, [125], [126], [127], [128], [130], [142];
on British coasts, [62], [64], [605];
on Scottish coast, [82], [83], [187] n., [201];
statistics of, [125-132], [158], [190], [438], [439] and n., [534];
strength of fishing fleet, [98], [101], [125], [126], [127], [129], [144], [321];
value of, [125], [131], [132], [142], [292], [366], [515];
exports of fish, [87], [135];
embargo on, [460], [462], [489];
supply England with fish, [93];
herring fishery, [10], [61], [78-85], [87], [93], [95], [112], [122], [125], [131], [134-137], [143-145], [157], [208], [214], [215], [247], [250], [273], [277], [296], [316], [407], [415], [424], [428], [449], [450], [451], [515], [534];
description of, [131];
exports of herrings, [132], [134];
herring fleet attacked by Blake, [406], [407];
whale fishing, [194] n., [181], [183], [184], [185], [407], [528];
fishermen, frugality and industry of, [137], [141];
settled at Stornoway, [216], [221], [237];
complaints against, [144], [154], [168], [175], [177], [187], [234], [257], [292], [301], [438];
proposal to tax, [141], [214];
assize herring, [169-171], [197], [198];
licenses to be forced on, [264], [300];
proceedings with reference to Northumberland’s fleet, [301-305], [312], [313];
payments for licenses to fish, [309], [310], [311];
attempt to distribute licenses, [320], [321].
See also Fisheries and Sovereignty of Sea.
Dutch, first war with England, [405];
second, [457];
third, [474]
Dutch fleet to protect fishermen, [321]
Dutch East India Company, [185], [343], [344]
Dutch Republic. See United Provinces.
Dyer, Sir Edward, [103]
Dymes, Captain John, [216], [217] n.
East India Company, [194]
East Indies, [105], [184], [185], [193], [194], [198], [199], [200], [257], [339], [340], [343], [350], [393], [430], [457], [482]
Eastland Merchants Company, [160]
Eddystone, territoriality of, [641], [642], [643]
Edgar, King, [26], [27], [28], [141], [158], [326], [365], [409]
Edinburgh, [216], [228], [298], [324], [351]
Edmonds, Sir Thomas, [243]
Edward I., [7], [32], [40], [42], [43], [44], [49], [51], [58] n., [60], [66], [67], [213], [214], [363], [365]
Edward II., [52] n., [56], [67], [254]
Edward III., [7], [33], [36], [37], [38], [41], [42], [43], [44], [51], [53], [64], [66], [67], [211], [254], [365], [409]
Edward IV., [63], [71], [110]
Edward VI., [88], [89], [116]
Elbe, [28]
Elector Palatine, [198], [271], [303], [315], [316], [320]
Elizabeth, Queen, [17], [65-85], [86], [87], [88], [91], [96], [102], [104], [115], [117], [118], [124], [136], [204], [246], [361], [433];
asserts freedom of seas, [5], [108-112], [118];
opposes claims of Denmark in northern seas, [86], [108-112];
opposes Spanish and Portuguese claims, [86], [107];
opposes mare clausum, [105], [338];
made no claim to sovereignty of seas, [107], [108];
policy to foster fisheries, [93];
fishing declared free, [111];
fishery disputes with Denmark, [106-112];
policy regarding territorial waters, [111], [543]
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, [167] n., [198], [303], [305], [314], [315], [316], [321], [385]
Emden, [129], [130], [195]
England, Sea of. See Sea.
English, new spirit of commercial enterprise in, [124], [136];
irritation against Dutch, [134];
jealous of their commerce, [413];
fisheries, yield of, [215];
condition of, [133];
decay of, [75], [112], [358];
description of, [133];
fishermen, indolence of, [91], [137], [516];
at Iceland, [108], [109], [110];
at Norway, [108];
molested by Dutch, [438]
Enkhuisen, [139], [170], [171], [173], [298] n., [397] n., [439] n.
Entick, on Sovereignty of Sea, [311] n., [522]
Essex, Earl of, [128] n., [473]
Ethelred, King, [26]
Evelyn, John, [312] n., [508];
on Sovereignty of Sea, [514] and n.
Eversley, Lord, [702] n.
Evertsen, Vice-Admiral Jan, [399], [408]
Exeter, [96]
Exton, Sir Thomas, [513]
Faeröe Isles, [175], [176], [528], [529], [545], [647], [711]
Fair Isle, [126], [131]
Fairlea, [65]
Fairlight, [65], [402]
Fajardo, Don Louis, [206] n.
Falkland Islands, [650]
Falmouth, [276]
Farne Isles, [618]
Farrer, Sir T. H., [646]
Fast-days, [58], [87]
Fenton, John, [194], [195], [196] and n., [197], [757]
Ferguson, on territorial sea, [684]
Fielding, Captain, [320], [321], [322], [323], [324]
Fife, [59], [166], [175] n., [445];
fishermen of, [61], [83], [165]
Finmark, [108], [109], [568]
Fiore, on territorial sea, [684]
Fish, abuses in trade in, [112], [113]
Fish, commerce in, [61], [82], [88], [112], [134], [141];
exports, [61], [132] n., [133], [134], [214];
imports, [67], [113], [145], [442];
prices regulated, [91]
Fish days, [58], [87], [88], [90], [92] and n., [93], [94], [99] n., [114], [115], [136], [444]
Fish, demand for, in early times, [58]
Fish, destruction of spawn of, [608], [609], [610]
Fish for victualling army and navy, [58]
Fish, fresh, distribution of, [58]
Fish, preservation of brood of, [213], [607], [608], [609], [610]
Fish, protection of breeding-grounds of, [610]
Fish, royal, [66], [362] n., [363]
Fish, spawning of, [610]
Fish, taxation of imported, [88], [441], [442], [446]
Fish tithes, [59], [101], [141], [142], [203], [214], [242], [355]
Fish, undersized, [444] n., [608], [636], [704], [706], [707], [708-710]
Fisheries, appropriation of, [102]
Fisheries, as nursery for navy, [87], [113], [134], [213]
Fisheries, charter to Bruges, [461], [772]
Fisheries, claim to wide limit by Argentina, [661], [662]
Fisheries, claimed for crown, [57], [62], [288], [289], [292]
Fisheries, closure of areas, [662], [720].
See Territorial Sea, Extra territorial.
Fisheries, cod-fishing at Lofoten Isles, [672] and n.
Fisheries, Conference at Hague, 1881, [632]
Fisheries, decay of English, [86], [87], [89], [91], [92], [115];
of Dutch, [534]
Fisheries, disputes in North Sea, [631];
at Iceland, [110];
in North America, [621], [622-630]
Fisheries, distant voyages, [57]
Fisheries, Dutch, [93], [94], [96], [125-130].
See Dutch.
Fisheries, Dutch regulations on British coast, [605], [606] n.
Fisheries, early English law as to, [66]
Fisheries Enquiries—Anglo-French in 1837, [611];
by Royal Commissions in 1863, [701];
in 1878, [702];
in 1883, [702];
by Select Committee of House of Commons in 1817, [610] n.;
in 1833, [607-610]; in 1893, [691], [707], [714] n.;
by Select Committee of House of Lords in 1904, [710], [711] n.;
by Mr Higgin as to disputes in North Sea, 1880, [631]
Fisheries, estimated profits of, [137]
Fisheries, exclusive limit for, [632], [633]
Fisheries, exhaustibility of, [348], [355], [372], [546], [550], [559], [602]
Fisheries, for coral, [659], [669], [684], [695];
sponges, [659], [669];
oysters, [612], [621], [697];
pearls, [697]
Fisheries, for “floating” fish, [698]
Fisheries, freedom of fishing during war, [440], [461], [462], [489], [636]
Fisheries, herring, [29], [34] n., [43], [58], [59], [71], [73-75], [90], [97], [130], [143], [157], [187], [190], [193], [197-200], [203], [214-218], [221] n., [238], [241], [264], [265], [272], [273], [302], [336], [378], [462], [491], [605], [698];
importance of, [59], [61];
at Bohuslän, [62];
at Scania, [61];
in Channel, [68];
Dutch, see Dutch;
French, on British coasts, [606], [607], [608], [618];
treaties granting liberty for, [67]
Fisheries, importance of, [57];
in Scotland, [76];
for navy, [58], [86], [87], [200], [219], [428];
in relation to international territorial limits, [693]
Fisheries, impoverishment of grounds, [701], [702], [704], [706-711], [713], [714] n., [733], [738], [739] n.
Fisheries, in Channel, [65], [607]
Fisheries, in North Sea. See North Sea.
Fisheries, increase of shipping due to, [135]
Fisheries, industries dependent on, [135]
Fisheries, International Conference, London, 1890, [706]
Fisheries, international investigations proposed, [707] n.;
begun, [735], [736], [740];
instructions to British delegates, [735], [736] n.;
criticism of, [736] and n.
Fisheries, international regulations, [614], [618], [619], [630], [631], [636], [638], [645] n., [648], [704], [729];
German proposal to protect fry and small fish, [636]
Fisheries, liberty of fishing granted to Sweden, [427]
Fisheries, liberty of fishing guaranteed by treaties, [8], [66-74]
Fisheries, license for fishing at Zowe, [65], [749]
Fisheries, old Scandinavian rights, [677]
Fisheries, old Scots Acts regarding, [82], [83]
Fisheries, policy of Scottish kings, [59]
Fisheries, promoted by Charles I., [213], [214]
Fisheries, proposals to develop English, [136], [138]
Fisheries, protective legislation and regulation, [88], [91], [92], [93], [94], [112], [113], [213], [442], [533], [608] n.
Fisheries, regulations beyond three-mile limit, [614], [618], [619], [621], [661], [662], [666], [688], [691], [697], [698], [734], [735];
of oyster beds, [621]
Fisheries, rise of British, [534]
Fisheries, Scottish treaties regarding, [75-82]
Fisheries, sealing regulations, Argentina, [662];
Uruguay, [663]
Fisheries, small-fish grounds, [705], [708]
Fisheries, the “Belgian devil,” [631]
Fisheries, trawling, [134];
methods, [699], [700], [701], [708], [714];
development of, [680], [698-701], [711], [713], [739] n.;
enterprise of British trawlers, [713];
by British vessels on foreign coasts, [680], [711], [712], [713], [730], [735], [737];
in Barents Sea, [657], [713];
at Faröes, [711];
at Finmarken, [680];
French West Africa, [713];
Iceland, [647], [648], [711];
Morocco, [713];
Spain and Portugal, [667] and n., [668] n., [713];
foreign trawlers on Scottish coast, [647];
damage by foreign trawlers, [631];
destruction of undersized fish, [714] n.;
Board of Trade empowered to restrict, [717];
German proposals to restrict in North Sea, [636];
restrictive regulations, [662], [698], [714], [733];
in England, [715];
prohibited beyond ordinary limits in Adriatic, [659];
Argentina, [662];
Austria-Hungary, [715];
Italy, [71];
Ireland, [715], [716];
Norway, [680], [715];
Portugal, [666-668];
Scotland, [716-720];
Spain, [666-668];
bill to prohibit within eight miles of coast, [444] and n.;
German proposal to restrict, [636];
restrictions desired by English trawlers, [702], [704-710];
ten-mile limit desired by English trawlers, [707];
voluntary closure of Continental area, [704], [706];
international agreement necessary, [732], [734], [735], [738];
recent views as to extension of limits, [735], [737]
Fisheries, tribute from foreigners proposed, [101], [138], [139], [295]
Fisheries, truce for fishing during war, [74], [75]
Fishermen, early frequent distant seas, [86]
Fishermen, foreign—
On British coasts, [29], [33], [57], [59-62], [65], [69], [76], [83], [91], [92], [98], [101], [126], [129], [145-150], [227], [288], [533], [544] n., [605-608], [611], [615], [617], [618], [631];
Belgian, [615-618];
Dutch, [60], [62], [64], [77-79], [82-85], [94], and see Dutch;
Flemish, [29], [59-62], [83], [101];
French, [59-62], [65], [83], [101], [150], [544] n., [606-608], [611], [617], [618], [631];
Portuguese, [129];
Spanish, [67], [129], [150];
cause of increase of, [61];
complaints against, [94], [95], [100], [101], [144], [604], [605], [631];
against Belgian, [615], [616];
Dutch, see Dutch;
French, [29], [544] n., [606-608], [611], [617], [618], [631];
encouraged in England, [75];
prohibited to fish, [9], [33], [150], [202], [227], [293], [294];
licenses for, [62], [65], [150], [294];
tax on proposed, [101], [138], [139], [214], [295];
protection of, [63]
On Irish coasts, [33], [92], [98], [101], [150]
Fishermen, guardians of, appointed, [63]
Fishery Conventions, [604], [693];
Anglo-Belgian, of 1852, [61];
Anglo-French, of 1839, [612], [613], [644];
of 1867, [618], [619], [630], [633], [634], [645];
North Sea, of 1882, [634], [637-639];
Norway and Sweden decline to adhere to North Sea Convention, [636]
Fishery, reciprocal right of, [626], [627], [658], [659], [665], [666];
old Scandinavian rights, [677]
Fishery, right of, Boroughs on, [364];
Callis, [363];
Craig, [357];
Digges, [362];
Fiore, [684];
Graswinckel, [412];
Grotius, [346], [351], [356];
Hall, [688];
Hautefeuille, [601], [602];
Wicquefort, [495];
Malynes, [358];
Meadows, [525];
Pontanus, [376];
Puffendorf, [551];
Rayneval, [596];
Sarpi, [547];
Selden, [372], [373];
Stubbe, [497];
Vasquius, [341];
Vattel, [560], [561];
Welwood, [354], [355];
Wheaton, [599];
Wolff, [559]
Fishery rights, British North America. See America.
Fishery Societies and Associations, [96], [97], [124], [128] n., [136-140], [160-162], [202], [203], [211], [214], [218], [222], [225], [227], [230] n., [232], [235-243], [266], [267], [292], [301], [328], [346], [439], [442], [444], [494], [515], [516], [533], [534]
Fishing boats, [33];
question of neutrality of, during war, [636]
Fishing boats, varieties of, [63], [90], [126], [129]
Fishing, old limit on Scottish coast, [79]
Fishing, safe-conducts for, [62], [71], [72], [79]
Fishing vessels, armed, [34] n., [43], [70]
Fitton, Sir Henry, [64]
Fitzmaurice, Lord, Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, on territorial sea, [630], [730], [731]
Flag, “honour of.” See Striking.
Flanders, [29], [30], [34], [43], [45], [52] n., [53], [55], [57], [59], [60], [61], [62], [69], [70], [71], [72], [75], [83], [88], [92], [101], [125], [209], [253], [255], [329]
Fleta, [539]
Fletcher, George, [225] n., [239] n.
Flushing, [142]
Fogg, Captain, [322], [323]
Foggo, Robert, [78]
Folkestone, [33], [145] n.
Foreign Enlistment Act, [589]
Foreshore, ownership of, [361-363]
Forth, Firth of, [221] n., [273] n., [298];
herring fishery, [59], [61], [77]
Four Seas, [17], [18], [119] n., [251], [363]
France, [8], [12], [14], [20], [29], [30], [32], [33], [35], [36], [44], [50], [57], [60], [61], [65], [67], [69], [70], [71], [72], [83], [88], [92], [97], [101], [103], [105], [117], [127], [129], [134], [151], [158], [189], [212], [246], [264], [265], [269], [275], [286], [413], [426], [451], [452], [463];
Customs jurisdiction, [594];
differences with United Provinces as to striking, [452], [463];
regulation of fisheries beyond three miles, [657];
territorial sea, [657];
treaty with Dutch regarding fishery question, [451-454]
Francis I. of France, [74], [75]
Franconia, case of, [580] n., [590], [591]
Frankland, [311] n.
Freiras, F. S. de, on Mare Liberum, [350]
French fishermen on British coasts, [101], [129], [130], [150], [605];
whalers at Spitzbergen, [182], [183] and n.
Frezno, Marquis of, [508]
Friesland, [28], [45], [60], [62], [75], [81], [92], [104]
Froissart, [32]
Fryer, C. E., [619] n.
Fundy, Bay of, [623], [624], [625]
Fyvie, Lord President, [223]
Galiani, on territorial sea, [563];
first to suggest three miles as equivalent to range of guns, [563]
Galicia, [98], [469]
Gama, Vasco da, [340]
Garde, Baron de la, [116]
Gelderland, [81]
Genoa, [30], [45], [45] n., [402], [476], [504];
sovereignty of Ligurian Sea, [4], [158], [339], [341], [371], [411], [473];
limit of territorial sea, [570]
Gentilis, on appropriation of sea, [122], [358], [359]
Gentleman, Tobias, [128] and n., [129], [132], [134], [137], [358], [364] n.
Gerbier, [318]
German Ocean, [19], [209]
Germany, [45], [61], [197], [198], [199], [216], [373], [377];
territorial waters of, [652], [653]
Ghent, [71], [73];
negotiations at, [581]
Ghent, van, [462], [479], [480], [481], [482]
Glanville, [539]
Glückstadt, [473]
Goch, Johan van, [185] n.
Godey, on range of vision, [546]
Godolphin, [52] n., [53], [515]
Godsdue, Richard, [162]
Gondomar, Count of, [206], [208]
Goodwin Sands, territoriality of, [640], [640] n.
Gorée, [477], [478], [490], [511]
Goring, George, [314]
Grange, case of, [574]
Granville Bay, [612], [619], [697]
Graswinckel, Dirck, [305], [354] n., [366] n., [375], [376] n., [411], [412], [550]
Gravelines, [68], [282], [327]
Greece, territorial sea, [661]
Greenland, [4], [28], [108], [181], [184], [199], [257], [376], [393], [407], [430], [437];
whale fishery at, [200], [527]
Grey, Sir Edward, Secretary for Foreign Affairs, on territorial sea, [732], [733]
Grimaldi, Reyner. See Grimbald.
Grimbald, Reyner, [44] n., [45] and n., [47-51], [54], [409], [740], [744]
Grimsby, [32], [699];
trawlers of, in Moray Firth, [722], [727-729]
Groningen, [81]
Groningen-Watt, [578]
Groot, de, [504]
Groot, Cornets de, [344] n.
Groot, Hugo de. See Grotius.
Grotius, [5], [105], [118], [148], [157] n., [158] n., [173], [174], [185] n., [190], [191] n., [256] n., [353], [366], [370], [530], [538], [546], [591];
appearance of, Mare Liberum, [338], [342];
object and genesis of, [342], [343], [344];
arguments of, [344-350];
defends a Dutch mare clausum, [340], [356];
‘Rights of War and Peace,’ [347] ;
on appropriation of sea, [356];
on Portuguese and Spanish claims, [339];
on range of gun limit, [157] n., [158] n., [549];
on Selden’s Mare Clausum, [375];
on Welwood, [356]
Grotius and James I., [346], [347] n., [351], [357]
Guard for fishing fleet, [248]
Guernsey, [36]
Guiccardini, [125]
Guise, Duke of, license to fish at Zowe, [65], [426]
Gulf of Nuevo, [661]
Gulf of St George, [661]
Gulf of San Matias, [661]
Guns, range of. See Territorial sea.
Guthrie, Lord, on territorial sea, [623]
Haas, Captain Adrian de, [486]
Haddington, Earl of, [179] n.
Hagaland, [110]
Hague, The, [81], [152], [172], [176], [212], [256], [305], [314], [335], [351], [367], [384], [414], [426], [474], [479], [482], [488];
Conference at, 1881, [632];
Tribunal N. American Fisheries Arbitration, [732] n.
Hale, Lord Chief-Justice, [18], [66], [363], [374], [543]
Halifax Commission, [627]
Halifax, Viscount, [490]
Hall, H. van, [605] n.
Hall, on Sovereignty of Sea, [48] n., [312] n., [580] n.;
on territorial sea, [687]
Halleck, on territorial sea, [683]
Halsbury, Lord, on territorial sea, [522], [730]
Halse, Sir Nicholas, [130], [132], [142], [162] n., [292]
Hamburg, [129], [130], [140], [195], [235], [485], [528];
conference at, [336]
Hamburgers, [117], [126], [141], [178] n., [227], [255]
Hamilton, Marquis of, [186], [225] n.
Hamilton, Sir Thomas, [179] n., [223]
Hampden, [324]
Hansards, [30], [61], [62], [73]
Hardy, Sir T. Duffus, [41]
Harfleur, [70]
Hargrave, [374];
on Sovereignty of Sea, [580] n.
Harris, Captain Joseph, condemned to death for striking to Spaniard, [512]
Harvey, Sir William, [162]
Harwich, [274], [699]
Hastings, [33], [40], [41], [145] n., [544] n.
Hatherly, Lord, on territorial sea, [586] n.
Hautefeuille, on territorial sea, [601]
Hawkins, Sir John, [5], [117]
Hay, Sir George, [186]
Hay, Sir John, [217], [218], [220] n., [221], [225] n., [227], [239] n.
Headland doctrine, [360], [622], [624].
See Bays.
Heath, Attorney-General, [252]
Heaton, Captain, [437]
Hebrides, [153] n., [230], [234], [241] n., [301]
Heemskerk, Jacob van, [5], [118], [183], [343]
Heffter, on territorial sea, [600];
on range of vision, [546]
Helgeland, [108]
Heneage, Lord, [728] n., [739]
Henrietta Maria, Queen, [380], [382]
Henry I., [16], [29], [31], [40], [41]
Henry II., [28]
Henry II. of France, [117]
Henry III., [31], [66]
Henry III. of France, [117]
Henry IV., [43], [56], [67], [68], [69], [70]
Henry IV. of France, [159], [204]
Henry V., [8], [34], [41], [42], [43], [70], [108]
Henry VI., [38], [70], [109]
Henry VII., [63], [72], [73], [109], [387]
Henry VIII., [62], [73], [75], [89], [109], [116]
Henry, Prince, of Scotland, [81], [169]
Herbert, Captain, [512]
Herbert, Sir John, [146]
Hermetra, [241] n.
Herring busses, [74] n., [162], [447]
Herring fishery. See Fisheries, herring.
Herrings, commerce in, [61], [132], [242];
price of, [97]
Herschell, Lord, on territorial sea, [592] n., [731]
Hervey, Lord, [202]
Heywood, Thomas, [326] and n.
Higgin, W. H., inquiry on North Sea fishery disputes, [631]
Highlanders, [216], [242]
Hitchcock, Captain Robert, [64], [95], [105], [125], [133], [136], [138], [203], [364] n.
Hoek, Dr P. P. C., [707] n.
Holland, [45], [60], [62], [64], [71], [72], [74] n., [75], [77], [78], [79], [81], [84], [92], [94], [95], [104], [125], [129], [132], [135], [139], [144], [151], [171], [172], [175], [190], [195], [197], [215], [292], [374], [384], [407], [433], [450], [460]
Holland, Earl of, [77]
Holland, fishery treaty with, [71], [72]
Holland, Prof., [359] n.;
on territorial sea, [691] n.
Hollanders. See Dutch.
Holmes, Captain Sir Robert, [455], [456] n., [458], [484], [485], [486]
Hoorn, Simon van, [449] n.
Horn, Andrew, [542]
Hovering Acts, [593]
Howard, Lord William, [117]
Hübner, on territorial sea, [562]
Hull, [43], [94], [96], [108], [194] n., [699]
Humber, [133]
Hume, [311] n.
Huxley, Professor, [702] n.
Hythe, [145] n.
Iceland, [4], [28], [86], [88], [97], [108], [109], [112], [113], [133], [145], [247], [248], [339], [376];
area of fishing-grounds at, [739];
English fishermen attacked by Danes, [109], [110];
English traffic with, [339];
Danish claims at, [528], [529], [567];
fisheries at, [57], [94];
English at, [87], [89], [90], [113], [408];
foreign trawlers at, [700], [707], [711], [714] n.;
fishery dispute between Denmark and United Provinces, [529];
fishery limit at, [647], [648];
seven-mile limit, [739], [740] n.
Idle persons, [98], [115], [116]
Impressment of ships, [32]
Indies, [107], [135], [215], [257], [341], [360], [457]
Insecurity of sea, [247], [248], [249], [253]
Institut de Droit International, on territorial sea, [689-692];
articles on, [774]
Intercursus Magnus, treaty, [72], [73], [80], [86], [157], [158], [256] n., [368], [386], [388], [394], [416], [425], [430], [449], [500]
International fishery investigations. See Fisheries.
International Law Association, on territorial sea, [689-692], [774];
Articles on, [774]
Inveraray, [83] n.
Ipswich, [247]
Ireland, [29], [70], [88], [97], [98], [143], [201], [226], [257], [359];
fisheries, [92];
oyster fisheries, [697];
foreigners prohibited from fishing at, [33], [63];
restrictions on trawling beyond three-mile limit, [716];
Spanish fishings at, [67], [98];
territoriality of oyster-beds, [620], [621]
Irgens, J., Norwegian Minister for Foreign Affairs, [673] n.
Isabel of Portugal, [70]
Islay, [230]
Isle of Man, fishery regulations, [698]
Isle of May, fishing tithes, [59], [76]
Italian jurists, [6], [35], [101], [347], [360], [539]
Italian Republics, [3], [6], [340]
Italy, [358];
Customs jurisdiction, [594], [661];
reciprocal rights of fishery with Austria, [659];
territorial sea, [659]
James I., [9], [17], [62], [73], [75], [81], [136], [257], [346], [347] n., [351], [353], [357]
James I., a new policy, [118];
antecedents of, [124];
proclamation forbidding hostilities in King’s Chambers, [9], [119], [360], [750];
concludes peace with Spain, [125];
proclamation restraining foreigners from fishing on British coasts, [9], [145-148], [150], [541], [755];
remit of Council on, [146];
deliverance of Committee on, [147];
attitude of French towards, [151];
negotiations with Dutch, [151], [155-159], [170], [178-180], [185-194], [197], [198];
proclamation suspended, [159];
orders records to be searched, [162], [179], [187];
grants of assize herrings, [165], [166];
instructs assize herrings to be levied from foreign fishermen, [168], [757];
indignation at capture of Brown, satisfaction demanded, [172], [174];
forbids Scottish fishermen to fish within a land-kenning at the Faroes, [176];
requests Dutch not to fish within sight of land, [176];
requests Scottish Council to prevent the Hollanders fishing within sight of land, [178];
again demands assize herrings from Dutch, [180];
claims seas around Spitzbergen as British, [183];
appoints commissioners to treat with Dutch envoys, [186];
Dutch ambassadors without power to treat of herring fishery, [188], [189];
indignation with Dutch ambassadors, [189];
again gives way on the herring fishery question, [192];
requests Dutch to prohibit fishing within fourteen miles, [192];
negotiations with Dutch as to whale fishery, [193];
Carleton advises fixing a limit, [193];
Dutch agree to keep out of sight of shore, [193];
orders assize herrings to be again collected, [194], [196];
Dutch embassy appointed, [198];
Dutch ambassadors without instructions to deal with fishery question, [199];
speech to Dutch ambassadors, [199];
indignation against Dutch, [200];
Dutch ambassadors advise States-General to settle fishery question, [200];
failure of policy of assize herring, [203]
James II., [517]
James III. of Scotland, [83]
James V. of Scotland, [77], [78], [83], [218]
James VI. of Scotland, treaty with Dutch, [80], [81]
Jan Mayen, sealing at, [695];
whaling at, [527]
Japan, territorial sea, [661]
Jenkins, Sir Leoline, judge of the High Court of Admiralty, judicial decisions regarding neutral waters, [553];
plenipotentiary at Cologne, [498];
on case of the Merlin, [480];
on confiscation of Smyrna fleet, [486];
on sovereignty of sea, [484] n.;
on striking, [477], [480], [481], [501-503], [511], [512], [513]
Jenkinson. See Lord Liverpool.
Jennings, Edward, [115]
Jersey, [36]
Joachimi, Dutch ambassador, [155], [256], [301], [302], [304], [305], [306], [384]
John’s ordinance, [6], [16];
on striking, [39-43], [278], [365], [409]
Johnsen, Hans, on Moray Firth, [728] n.
Jongestal, Dutch ambassador, [415], [417], [433]
Jonson, Ben, [115], [196] n.
Juridical controversies about sovereignty of sea, [338-340], [410-413]
Kanin, Cape, [657], [713]
Kemble, [27], [28]
Kennet, [311] n.
Kent, on territorial sea, [599]
Kerouaille, Mademoiselle de, [475]
Ketelby, Captain, [281]
Keymer, John, author of the “Raleigh” tract, [126], [127], [128] n., [131], [358]
Killigrew, Sir William, [280]
King James’s Newland, [183]
King John’s ordinance. See John.
King, Thomas, [446], [448]
King’s Chambers, [50], [54], [209], [260], [262], [263], [359], [360], [373], [539], [553], [598], [622], [723] n.;
declaration of Trinity House as to limits of, [753];
description of, [120];
defined by James I., [9], [118], [120];
extent of, [122], [251];
proclamation concerning, [251], [750];
question of validity of, [576], [577];
restricted to neutrality, [122], [251], [548];
violation of, [10], [245], [247], [255], [256], [258], [259], [326], [328], [330-333], [336]
Kirkelee, [49]
Kishinouye, Dr, [661] n.
Kleen, on territorial sea, [685]
Klüber, on territorial sea, [597]
Kronberg, striking at, [473], [520]
Kyllachy, Lord, on territorial sea, [725]
Lake, Sir Thomas, [359] n.
Lampredi, on territorial sea, [562]
Lampreys, [244]
“Land-fishing” in Scotland, [222], [226]
Land-kenning in Scotland, [77], [84], [144], [154], [175], [176], [177] n., [178], [192], [193], [211], [218], [221], [222] n., [223], [228], [235], [545], [546];
at Faroes, [175].
See Territorial Sea, Range of Vision.
Land-van-Staten, [506], [508], [510], [515]
Larrey, [311] n.
Latour, on territorial sea, [595], [685]
Laud, Archbishop, [243], [306], [314], [316], [368], [376] n.
Lauderdale, Lord, [187], [483], [507]
Laughton, Professor, [521] n.
Law, early English, as to fishing, [66]
Lawrence on territorial sea, [683], [688]
Laws of Oleron, [6], [40], [42], [44] n., [51], [52], [54], [213], [363], [365]
Laws of the Sea, old, [30], [52] n.
Lawson, Vice-Admiral Sir John, [437], [456], [457] n., [463], [472]
Leda, case of, [586] n.
Lediard, [167] n., [311] n.
Lefevre, Mr Shaw. See Lord Eversley.
Leghorn, [402], [473]
Leicester, Earl of, [96], [264] n.
Lennox, Duke of, [130] n., [166], [168], [170], [172], [186], [195] and n., [230] n., [353], [461];
grant of assize herrings to, [166], [168]
Lent, [75], [87], [88], [114], [136], [214], [242], [244];
difficulties in enforcing observance of, [114], [115];
laxity of observance of, [88], [89];
measures to enforce observance of, [88], [114].
See also Political Lent.
Leon, [32]
“L’Espagnols sur Mer,” battle of, [37], [67]
Levant, [340]
Levi, Leoni, on territorial sea, [664] n.
Lewes, [216], [217], [220], [221], [224], [227], [234], [235], [237], [241], [242]
Lewis, [216], [217] and n.
Leybourne, Lord William de, [45] n.
Leyden, [73], [342]
Libelle of Englyshe Polycye, [18], [30], [37], [38] n.
Licenses for foreign fishermen, [62], [63], [111], [141], [210], [235], [257], [264], [288], [292], [294], [425], [426], [430], [453];
for Dutch, [272], [488], [489];
distributed to the busses, [300];
sums received for, [309], [310], [311];
offered to Dutch, [317];
to French, [440], [454];
to Swedes to fish in British seas, [427];
Danish to fish at Iceland and northern seas, [108-112]
Liens, Joachim, Dutch Ambassador, [185] n.
Ligurian Sea, sovereignty of, [4], [339], [341], [371], [411]
Lindsay, Thomas, [242]
Lindsey, Earl of, [250], [256], [257], [267], [270], [271], [275] n., [282], [284], [286], [287], [380];
appointed Admiral of the first ship-money fleet, [259];
his instructions from the Admiralty, [260];
private instructions from Charles I., [264];
to force licenses on Dutch fishermen, [264];
punctilios of, as to flags, extent of British Seas, [264], [265], [266], [269];
dissatisfaction of Charles with, [268];
and the Dutch herring busses, [272];
proceedings of the fleet, [259-274]
Lisle, Viscount, [428], [429]
Liverpool, Lord, on neutral rights, [596]
Lizard, [103], [122], [269], [437]
Loccenius, on territorial sea, [550]
Loch Broom, [83]
Loch Fyne, [83], [153] n.
Loch Maddy, [241] n.
Lofoten Isles, [672]
Logan, Sir Robert, [77] n.
London, [7], [49], [50], [61], [88], [94], [96], [114], [124], [140], [189], [198], [199], [214], [223], [241], [266], [299] n., [330], [358], [384], [396], [404], [407], [428], [439], [443], [446], [448], [449];
consumption of fish in, [87], [97];
fish supply of, [131], [134], [144], [241] n.;
and Fishery Society, [443];
fishmongers of, [89]
Long Parliament, [336], [414];
attitude towards Sovereignty of Sea, [378], [379], [380], [381], [382]
Lord Mayor, [115], [202], [214], [443], [448]
Loreburn, Lord, on territorial sea, [732]
“Lords of the Sea,” English kings as, [8], [28], [35], [36], [38] n., [39], [209], [210], [211], [244], [373]
Lothian, Firth of, [153] n., [233], [235], [239]
Lottery for Fishery Society, [244], [446], [447]
Louis of Nassau, [449] n.
Louis XIV., [463], [465], [474], [476], [483], [490], [493], [503], [518], [526];
on fishery question, [453];
intrigue with Charles, [459];
reveals to Charles De Witt’s negotiations, [471];
his policy, [474];
declares war against States-General, [488];
on striking, [518]
Low Countries, [73], [77], [94];
fisheries of, [98];
fishermen of, [94], [100], [144].
See also Dutch and Netherlands.
Lowestoft, [249], [307], [469]
Lucas farthing, [470] n.
Lundy, Laird of, [188]
Lushington, Dr, on territorial sea, [586] n.
Lynn, [49], [77] n., [90], [108], [247]
Mackerel fishery, [134], [150]
MacLeod, Sir Reginald, [667] n., [673] n.
Madrid, [150], [201], [253], [318]
Mainwaring, Sir H., [65] n.
Malynes, Gerard, [128] n., [130] n., [138] n., [160];
on the appropriation of the sea, [358]
Manning, on territorial sea, [600]
Mansel, Sir Robert, [219] n.
Mare Clausum, [11], [19], [20], [251], [254], [257], [258] n., [286], [287], [288], [289], [302], [315] n., [330], [365], [369], [375].
See Selden.
Mare Liberum, [255], [256] n., [257], [338], [340], [342], [374], [410].
See Grotius.
Margaret of Savoy, [73]
Marine laws, [51], [52], [54]
Maritime laws, [41], [42], [44]
Marlborough, Duke of, [486] n., [531]
Marion, Professor A. F., [667] n.
Marten, Sir Henry, [155], [174], [244] n., [251], [263], [264], [278], [283], [288], [295]
Martens, F., [194] n.
Martens, G. F. von, on territorial sea, [563]
Martens, Professor de, on territorial sea, [686], [688]
Martin, Martin, [241] n.
Martin, Sir Henry, [39], [119] n., [762]
Mary, Queen, [64], [88], [91], [117], [141], [206]
Mary, Queen, of Hungary and Bohemia, [80] and n.
Mary Stuart, Queen, [79], [81], [83]
Mason, Capt. John, [153] n., [167] n., [216], [219] n., [220] n., [241], [364] n.;
grant of assize herrings to, [165], [166], [167] n.
Massé, on territorial sea, [602]
Masson, Professor, [195] n.
Masterman, Captain Walter S., [711] n.
Masterman, Dr A. T., [735] n.
Maurice, Count, [173]
Maximilian of Austria, [72]
Meadows, Sir Philip, on sovereignty of sea, [397], [428] n., [510], [524], [694];
proposes a convention for fishery limits, [525]
Mechlin, [71]
Medina Sidonia, Duke of, [142]
Mediterranean, [28], [30], [134], [143], [340], [347], [372], [389], [437], [457], [485];
striking in, See Striking.
Meerman, Dutch ambassador, [483]
Melrose, Earl of, [179] n.
Mendoza, [107]
Merchant Adventurers, [160], [292]
Merchant Associations to secure the peace of the sea, [6], [30]
Mercurius Politicus, [410]
Merlin, the King’s yacht, [15], [477-482], [510];
encounter with Dutch fleet, [479];
inquiry by Sir Leoline Jenkins on, [480]
Mervin, Sir Henry, [284], [287], [296], [297], [300], [327]
Mexico, Customs jurisdiction, [594];
pearl fisheries, [697];
treaties with, [679] and n.
Mid-line (Thalweg), [3], [101], [102], [111], [226], [361], [373], [541], [542], [652]
Miles, Scots, [233] n.
Milton, John, [410], [428] n., [524]
Minch, [230]
Mirror of Justice and mid-line, [542]
Molloy, on sovereignty of sea, [514];
on striking, [557]
Monk, Duke of Albemarle, [408];
on Dutch commerce, [457], [459]
Monson, Sir William, [130] n., [132], [135], [143], [202], [204], [205], [206] n., [208], [216], [219] n., [259]
Montague, General. See Earl of Sandwich.
Monteith, Earl of, [224], [225] n., [239] n.
Moore, on sovereignty of sea, [580] n.;
on territorial sea, [691] n.
Moray Firth, [233], [235], [239];
prohibition of trawling within, [718], [720];
foreign trawlers in, [647], [720-728];
Norwegian-registered trawlers in, [721], [727];
prosecution and conviction of foreign trawlers, [722], [723], [724], [727];
case of Catalonia, [722];
of Emmanuel Mortensen, [722], [724-727];
of Martin Olsen, [722];
of Niobe, [722], [724];
of Pinewold, [723];
of Verbena, [723];
High Court of Justiciary decides prohibition applies to foreigners, [722], [724-727];
protest by Norway, [727], [728];
Norway favours a convention, [728], [730];
and warns Norwegian trawlers to cease fishing in Moray Firth, [728];
actions against British subjects on foreign trawlers, [728], [729];
views of Foreign Office, [729], [730];
proposal of International Council, [737];
territoriality of, [723-728], [729], [732], [734];
opinions of Scottish judges as to territoriality of, [724-727]
Moray Firth, herring fishery in, [61]
Morocco, [5], [256], [668];
trawling at, [713]
Morton, Earl of, [225] n., [239] n.
Moser, on territorial sea, [562]
Muncke, Levinus, [155], [156] n.
Mundesley, [247]
Murray, Captain David, [172], [195] n., [196]
Muscovy Company, [160];
whale fishery of, [181], [182], [183], [184], [194] n.
Musselburgh, [175] n., [445]
Nansen, Dr Fridtjof, Norwegian Minister, [673] n., [728]
Nantes, [97]
Narrow seas, the, [8], [18], [19], [26], [29], [30], [34], [36], [113], [212], [213], [214], [253], [256], [260], [261], [270], [274], [287], [324] n., [327], [328], [361], [363], [381], [408], [430], [458], [459] n.;
description of, [18];
herring fisheries in, [67];
hostilities prohibited in, [261], [262], [263];
prizes taken in, [359] n.;
striking in, [204-206], [270], [402].
See Channel.
National Sea Fisheries Protection Association, [667] n., [706], [728] n., [740]
Naval Salute. See Striking.
Navare, Michel de, [49]
Navigation, freedom of, [3], [5], [6], [8], [11], [20], [33], [34], [35], [43], [67], [86], [106], [158], [341], [346], [358], [360], [365], [421], [497], [676]
Navigation Act of 1651, [391] and n., [392], [413], [416], [419];
of 1660, [441], [451], [464]
Navy, [2], [5], [10], [11], [22], [26], [27], [31], [32], [34], [58], [68], [91], [92], [113], [117], [134], [246], [251], [252], [255], [257], [286], [288], [379], [428], [475], [517], [523];
under Charles I., [246];
under Edward III., [33], [36], [38];
under Henry IV., [68];
under Henry VI., [38];
complaint of Commons on, [38]
Navy and fisheries, [428]
Needham, Marchamont, [410], [411]
Netherlands, [21], [74], [76], [78], [79], [81], [82], [93] n., [94], [105], [112], [125], [126], [127] n., [138], [144], [168], [185], [200], [203], [312], [380], [397];
prohibit their fishermen from fishing within two leagues of Scottish coast, [605], [606];
territorial sea, [658].
See Dutch.
Neutral waters, [22], [119], [120], [359] n., [548], [586], [622], [641] n., [665], [685], [775];
decrees regarding, [569-571];
limit of, [546];
proclamations and decisions regarding, [553], [554];
Scandinavian limit of, [568];
treaties regarding, [571], [572];
usage in seventeenth century, [552], [553], [554]
Newcastle, [34] n., [96], [114], [248], [249], [252], [273] n., [428]
Newfoundland, [86], [88], [92], [97], [113], [219], [589];
fishery rights at, [531], [532]
Nicholas, Secretary of Admiralty, [44] n., [213], [262], [263], [275] n., [278], [292], [295], [318], [322]
Nicholl, Sir John, on territorial sea, [586] n.
Nicolas, Sir N. H., [37], [45] n., [46] n., [53], [56]
Nieuport, [60], [327], [400]
Nieuport, William, Dutch ambassador, [395], [415], [417], [433]
Nootka Sound, [573]
Nordland, [108]
Norfolk, [46] n., [63], [90], [94], [101], [162], [248]
Norham, [60]
Norman Conquest, [6], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [59], [372]
Normandy, [29], [36], [43], [48], [50], [59], [62], [69], [74], [97], [103], [129], [213]
Northampton, Earl of, [138], [353]
North Cape, [58], [86], [478], [502], [503]
North-east passage, [343]
Northmen, sea power of, [26], [28]
North Sea, [21], [22], [43], [246], [247], [382], [432], [434], [465], [466] n.;
fisheries, [43], [60], [87], [89], [130], [131], [133], [408], [470];
Conference at Hague on, 1881, [632];
Fishery Convention, 1882, [634], [637], [638], [639], [644], [721], [722], [725], [726], [735], [737];
defects in definitions, [641];
question of limit of exclusive fishing on other coasts, [643], [644], [645], [646];
Sweden and Norway decline to join, [636];
development of trawling in, [699], [700];
impoverishment of fishing-grounds in, [706-710], [711], [738], [739] n.
Northumberland, Earl of, [131], [243], [264], [266] n., [278], [279], [319], [320], [322], [323], [327], [379], [380], [388], [425], [426], [557];
appointed admiral of second ship-money fleet, [287];
instructions of Admiralty, [289], [290];
instructions from Charles, [295];
proceedings of fleet in Channel, [290], [291];
proceedings of fleet against Dutch fishermen, [295-300], [307-311];
forces licenses on Dutch fishermen, [12], [291], [296], [297], [298], [299], [300], [301], [308];
appointed admiral of the third ship-money fleet, [319];
appointed Lord High Admiral, [329]
Norway, [34], [45], [169] n., [339], [527];
area of fishing-grounds, [738];
Customs jurisdiction, [594];
declines three-mile limit, [633], [678];
declines to adhere to North Sea Convention, [636], [783];
disputes with England as to fisheries, [108], [110];
fisheries, [92];
fisheries in Vestfjord, [672], [677];
fishery limit early fixed, [528];
special fishery limits, [671], [672], [678], [679];
foreign trawlers seized for illegal fishing, [680];
registered trawlers in Moray Firth, [721], [727], [728];
sovereignty of sea of, [4];
territorial sea, [653], [669-681], [685];
method of computing, [653], [655], [669], [670], [676], [678], [685];
respected by foreign fishermen, [677], [678]
Norwegian Sea, sovereignty over, [4], [16]
Nottingham, Earl of, [206], [353]
Nova Zembla, [184]
Okhotsk, Sea of, foreigners fishing in, [585]
Oldenbarneveldt. See Barneveldt.
Oldys, [127] n.
Oleron, Laws of. See Laws.
Onward Ho! case of, [657] n.
Oppenheim, on territorial sea, [688]
Oquendo, Don Antonio de, [330-334]
Orange, Prince of, [190], [197], [303], [306], [314], [315] n., [384], [387], [422], [430], [433], [434], [460], [462], [490], [491], [492], [503], [517]
Orfordness, [49], [277], [553]
Orkney, [88], [108], [126], [165], [169], [180], [201], [215], [221], [227], [230], [234], [406]
Orkney, Earl of, [169] n.
Ormonde, Marquis of, [450]
Ortolan, on territorial sea, [601]
Orwell, [54]
Ossory, Lord, [485], [486] n.
Ostend, [43], [309]
Ouwers, Egidio, [273] n.
Overbury, Sir Thomas, [127] n.
Over-Yssel, [81]
Owen, Captain, [382]
Oxford, [358]
Oyster fisheries, special treatment of, [657];
question of territoriality of Irish, [620], [621];
reserved for French, [612], [619], [620]
Pacius, on Venetian dominion of sea, [351]
Palatinate, [198], [199], [210], [253], [265], [271], [274], [275], [286], [302], [305], [306], [314], [315], [316], [331]
Papal Bulls, [5], [105], [106], [107], [339], [342], [344], [372]
Pardessus, [41], [42]
Parliament, [67], [77] n., [116], [211], [214], [367], [409], [414], [443], [449], [457], [458], [475], [483], [492], [493], [503], [506], [532];
on safeguarding the sea, [34];
petitions for dues on navigation of Channel, [35];
on navy, [38]
Parliament of Ireland, [33], [63]
Parliament of Scotland, [82], [218], [220], [221], [222], [223], [224], [225]
Parry, Sir Thomas, [155]
Pauw, Adrian, Dutch ambassador, [405], [414]
Pearl fisheries, [697];
Vattel on, [560]
Pedrogue, John de, [45] n., [49], [50]
Pembroke, Earl of, [227], [239] n., [240-244], [446]
Pendennis Castle, [280]
Penn, Sir William, [383], [408], [456]
Pennington, Sir John, [208], [212], [244], [259], [261], [264], [274], [275] n., [287], [290], [296], [297], [321], [322], [324], [327], [328], [379], [403];
instructions as to striking, [261-263], [276], [277];
suggestion as to neutral waters round a King’s ship, [262];
on striking, [277], [278], [279], [280], [283];
action at Battle of Downs, [329-335]
Pepys, Samuel, [312] n., [513], [514];
on Fishery Society, [447] n., [448], [449];
on striking, [456];
on second Dutch war, [458], [459];
on state of navy, [517]
Perels, on territorial sea, [652], [684], [688]
Perkins, Sir Christopher, [146], [155]
Perre, Van de, Dutch ambassador, [391], [415]
Petersen, Gisbert, fishing license to, [460]
Philip, Archduke of Austria, [72]
Philip the Fair, [44]
Philip II., [64], [81], [107], [141], [205], [425], [426], [544]
Philip III., [350]
Philip IV., [350]
Phillimore, [312] n.;
on territorial sea, [682]
Picardy, [29], [62], [74], [88], [103], [130]
Picaroons, [273], [276]
Pilchard, [134], [143], [227], [235], [447]
Piracy, prevalence of, [4], [5], [7], [30], [43]
Pirates, [68], [72] n., [78], [79], [82], [91], [247], [253], [254], [260], [269], [274], [284] n., [291], [292], [327], [339], [390], [421], [456], [471]
Pistoye and Duverdy, on territorial sea, [602]
Pitt, on fishery arrangements with France, [532]
Pittenweem, [59], [175] n.
Plague, [299] n.
Plancius, [183]
Plantagenets, [8], [11], [30], [43], [75], [209], [211], [213], [258], [368], [421]
Plegher, [80]
Plowden, on sea of England, [102], [111], [361], [543]
Plumleigh, Captain, [208], [277], [280]
Plymouth, [33], [117], [267], [268], [327]
Poland, [61];
claim to Baltic, [4], [371], [377]
Political Lent, the, [87], [88], [89], [112], [114]
Pontalis, on fishery question, [453] n.
Pontanus, J. I., on Selden’s Mare Clausum, [376], [550]
Pope, the, [28], [105], [106], [107], [212], [277] n., [339], [371]
Popham, Col. Edward, [382]
Porpoise, [88]
Portland, [267]
Portland Castle, [256], [279]
Portland, Earl of, [239] n., [241], [253]
Portsmouth, [114], [408]
Portsmouth, Duchess of, [475]
Portugal, [91], [268];
area of fishing-grounds, [738];
fishermen visit British coasts, [129];
and Irish coast, [98];
fishery treaty with, [67];
foreign trawlers at, [713];
claim to sovereignty of sea, [5], [86], [105-108], [112], [340], [343], [344], [350];
territorial sea, [569], [664], [668]
Pradier-Fodéré, on territorial sea, [684], [688]
Prerogative of crown, [236]
Pribilov Islands, [695]
Privateers, [462]
Prize, law of, [359] n.
Prussia, [34], [216];
fishermen on British coasts, [605]
Prynne, Keeper of the Records, [17], [25], [27] n., [39], [43], [44] n., [213], [326] n., [352] n., [367] and n.;
on the sovereignty of the sea, [493]
Puffendorf, on territorial sea, [551]
Quarantine Acts, [594]
Rainsford, Richard, [64], [138], [141], [142], [145], [159]
Raleigh, Sir Walter, [127] and n., [136], [204], [413]
Raleigh tract. See Keymer.
Ramsgate, [699]
Range of guns, Grotius on, [349];
range of modern guns, [21];
range of gun limit, [549];
range of guns and salute, [473] n.;
range of vision, [175], [193], [544];
claimed by Denmark, [529];
Grotius on, [347];
old English law, [544];
prescribed by Philip II., [544]
See Land-kenning and Territorial sea.
Rapin, [167] n., [311] n.
Rayneval, on range of vision, [546];
on territorial sea, [596]
Reddie, on territorial sea, [600]
Reformation, [67];
influence of, on fisheries, [75], [87], [89], [92]
Reprisals between Scots and Dutch, [77], [78], [79], [84];
between traders, [53], [54]
Reserved waters. See Scotland.
Restoration, the, [14], [441]
Revocation, Act of, [226]
Rhé, Isle de, [246], [290]
Richard I., [32], [40], [41], [51], [52]
Richard II., [33], [62], [363]
Richard III., [63], [72] n.
Richelieu, Cardinal, [12], [210], [246], [261], [270], [271], [272], [273], [275], [276] n., [283], [291], [314], [526]
Right of fishery. See Fishery.
Right of search, [13], [330], [389], [393]
Rio de la Plata, territoriality of, [663]
Ripperda, Joachim, Dutch ambassador, [449]
Rivalry in trade between English and Dutch, [10], [441], [457]
Rochelle, [97], [267], [276] n., [290]
Roe, Sir Thomas, [240], [276], [303], [306], [314], [315], [316] n., [323], [324]
Roman law as to sea, [3], [344], [353], [356], [360], [539];
as to fishing, [66]
Romans and sovereignty of sea, [26]
Rool d’Oleron. See Laws of Oleron.
Rose, Richard, [324] n.
Rosny, Sieur de, [204]
Rostock, [195]
Rotterdam, [79], [171], [327], [397] n., [511]
Rouen, [61]
Royal fishery, Pepys on, [447] n., [448]
Roxburgh, Earl of, [225] n., [239] n.
Rupert, Prince, [382], [493]
Russia, [29], [61], [110], [142], [158], [358];
Behring Sea question, [581], [582];
Company, see Muscovy Company;
Customs limit, [656], [657] n.;
territorial sea, [656]
Ruyter, Captain, [298] n., [304]
Rye, [33], [54], [65], [145] n., [483]
Ryley, William, Keeper of the Records, [409], [410] n.
Ryswick, [466] n.
Saen, Joris van der, [402], [404]
St Andrews, [352]
St George’s Channel, [142]
St John, Lord Chief-Justice, [72];
proceeds to The Hague, [384];
negotiations with Dutch, [385-390];
his proposals for alliance and coalescence, [385];
Intercursus Magnus taken as basis of treaty, [386], [387];
his seven articles, [387];
the Dutch thirty-six articles, [388];
abstract of, [764];
as to fishing, [388], [389];
Dutch proposals as to sovereignty of sea, [389];
for a joint fleet to police the seas, [389], [395];
Dutch withdraw proposal as to striking, [390];
failure of negotiations, [390];
leaves The Hague, [391]
St Lo, Captain George, on fishery limit at Yarmouth, [546] n.
Safe-conducts for fishing, [7], [33], [74]
Salisbury, Earl, [64], [130] n., [150], [151], [155], [159], [223], [227] n., [359] n., [360];
on 100-mile limit, [541]
Salisbury, Marquis of, on territorial sea, [592], [731]
Salisbury, Miss E., [45] n.
Salmon fishing, [26], [233], [234], [235]
Salute. See Striking.
Sandwich, [73];
Knut’s grant of, [542]
Sandwich, Earl of, [438], [463], [472]
Saracens, [5], [339]
Sarpi, on territorial sea, [547]
Savage, Viscount, [239] n.
Savoy, Duke of, [540]
Scania, [34], [362] n.;
decline of herring fishery at, [61]
Scarborough, [49], [89], [108], [142], [247], [250], [256], [273], [274], [322];
castle, [64]
Scaw, three-mile limit at, varies, [640] n.
Schaep, Dutch ambassador, [391]
Schelde, [28]
Scheveningen, [460]
Schiedam, [78], [79], [318], [397] n.
Schmalz, on territorial sea, [597]
Scilly Isles, [269], [390], [398], [399]
Scotland, [48], [49], [59], [88];
Draft Treaty of Union with England, 1604, [84], [192], [223], [227], [228], [230], [232], [694];
fish exported from, [61];
fisheries of, [93];
importance of, [76];
claim to, [76], [82];
exclusive spirit as to, [76];
policy towards, [82];
treaties regarding, [75-82];
foreigners at West Coast fishings, [83], [130];
jealousy of foreign fishermen, [77], [124];
fishing in bays and lochs prohibited, [202];
attacks on Dutch fishermen, [77];
complaints against Dutch fishermen, [144], [168], [177], [201], [234], [301];
complaints against French fishermen, [606], [617];
Dutch edicts re fishing, [201];
old fishery limits, [226-229];
old limit against Dutch, [83], [84];
herring fishery in, [59], [61], [76], [79], [83], [143], [221] n.;
extra-territorial jurisdiction in, [698];
instructions of Privy Council re assize herrings, [757];
fishery Acts, [76];
fishery scheme, [225], [227];
fishery society, [444];
fishing in lochs claimed, [218];
“land fishing” described, [222] and n.;
land-kenning, see Land-kenning;
limits of territorial sea, [226], [227], [228], [229], [230];
limit of [14] miles in Draft Treaty of Union, [223];
limit of two leagues fixed by Dutch, [605], [606];
reserved waters, [77], [84], [209], [211], [218], [220], [222], [223], [226-230], [234], [236-238], [445], [547]
Scotland, royal burghs, [76], [216], [217], [220], [221];
ask that the Dutch be removed within a land-kenning, [221];
and fishery society, [445];
oppose assize herrings, [166];
territoriality of firths, [692];
trawling restrictions on, [715], [716];
Fishery Board empowered to restrict, [717];
Bill to extend prohibition of, [720];
Act fixing thirteen-mile limit for, [720];
treaties with the Dutch, [188] n.
Scotland, Sea Fisheries Regulation Act, 1895, [592]
Scott, Thomas, [284]
Scott, Sir William. See Stowell, Lord.
Scottish Seas, the, [226]
Scudamore, Lord, [272]
Sea, appropriation of, [537], [539];
in Middle Ages, [3];
reasons for, [5];
Roman law on, [539], [541];
opinions of Italian jurists, [101], [104];
opinions of modern jurists on, [552];
Bynkershoek, [555];
Callis, [363];
Lord Chief-Justice Coke on, [363];
Gentilis on, [358], [359];
Graswinckel on, [411], [412];
Loccenius, [550];
Puffendorf, [550];
Lord Salisbury on, [361];
Selden, [370-374];
Lord Stair, [545] n.;
Vattel, [560]
Sea, exhaustibility of. See Fisheries.
Sea, “High Seas,” [50], [54]
Sea, insecurity of, [5], [6], [30], [53], [54], [57], [70], [247-257]
Sea, measures for guarding, [31], [32], [33], [34]
Sea, sovereignty of. See Sovereignty.
Sea of England, [7], [8], [9], [11], [20], [31], [41], [101], [209];
extent of, [15], [16], [54], [55], [56];
seizure of ships in, by Grimbald, [49], [50];
sovereign lordship of, [43], [46], [51], [54], [55];
Callis on, [363];
Plowden on, [102];
terms applied to, [16], [17];
the “Two Seas,” [17];
the “Three Seas,” [17];
the “Four Seas,” [17], [18], [251]
Sea, property in bed of, [362]
Seaforth, Earl of, [216], [220], [221], [222] n.
Sealing, [695], [696]
Seals, [88]
Seas, British, extent of, [15], [16], [18], [19], [20], [26], [208], [264] and n., [381], [418], [419], [429], [431-437], [459] n., [465], [466] and n., [469], [470], [477], [495], [505], [506] and n., [510], [515], [521];
Admiralty on, [437], [438];
reluctance of Admiralty to define, [20], [264] and n.;
boundaries intentionally left undefined, [20];
Dee on extent of, [101-103];
dispute as to extent of, [437];
Richard Cromwell on extent of, [438];
Thurloe on extent of, [434];
Trinity House on extent of, [20], [477], [478];
on striking in, [469], [470], [501-505];
claim to, gradually died out, [21]
Sebastian, King, [107]
Secretary for Scotland, [219], [227] n., [232]
Seine, [26], [28]
Seines, Bill to prohibit, within ten miles, [444] n.
Selden, [11], [17], [20], [25], [26], [31], [32], [33], [34], [39], [41], [43], [44], [45] n., [48], [49], [55], [56], [62], [64] n., [66], [119] n., [183], [186] n., [213], [251], [254], [258] n., [279], [286], [305], [352] n., [353], [363], [410] n., [456], [469], [546], [550], [551];
controversy with Graswinckel, [411], [412];
imprisonment and release of, [367];
requested by Charles to write Mare Clausum, [366];
on British seas, [19];
on English sovereignty of sea, [373], [374];
on exhaustibility of sea, [372];
Mare Clausum, [11], [20], [254], [258] n., [315] n., [330], [389], [425], [456], [502], [504], [509] n., [543];
history of, [365], [366];
publication of, [288], [367];
political importance of, [368], [369];
importance of, in English law, [369], [374];
satisfaction of Charles with, [368], [369];
arguments of, [369-374];
anxiety in Holland about, [374], [375];
translated, [410]
Semeyns, Meynert, [242] n.
Servat, William, [50]
Seven Stones Rocks, territoriality of, [642], [643]
Shaftesbury, Earl of, [492];
on the Dutch, [506]
Sheerness seized by Dutch, [459]
Shetlands, [4], [76], [88], [89], [90] n., [108], [113], [126], [129], [131], [151], [165], [169], [180], [201], [215], [221], [227], [230], [234], [238], [241], [406], [443], [534]
Shields, [84]
Ship-money, [324], [329], [379]
Ship-money fleet, first, [256], [259] n.;
object of, [260], [264], [265];
proceedings of, [265], [266], [267], [268], [269], [270], [271], [272], [273], [274];
failure of, [274], [275].
See Lindsey.
Second, [286];
its object, [287], [288];
opinion of Admiralty on convoying foreign vessels, [288], [289], [762];
on protecting foreign licensed fishermen, [288], [762];
proceedings of fleet, [290], [291], [295-301], [307-311];
failure to meet with French, [290];
instructions of Charles as to foreign fishermen, [295];
licenses distributed to Dutch herring busses, [298], [300], [308];
amount received as convoy and license-money, [309], [310], [311].
See Northumberland.
Third, [319], [323].
Fourth, [327].
Ship-money writs, [36] n., [211], [253], [254], [286]
Ships, impressment of, [32]
Shookius, [550]
Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, [520]
Shrewsbury, Duke of, [520]
Sicily, [29]
Skagerrack, [438] and n.;
territoriality of, [636], [653]
Sleeve, the, [260]
Slingsby, Capt., [327]
Sluys, battle of, [36], [37], [38]
Smeerenburg, [194] n.
Smith, Captain John, [312] n., [494]
Smith, Lieut. Thomas, dismissed for forcing French to strike, [521]
Smith, Northumberland’s Secretary, [328], [331], [332]
Smith, Simon, [242] n., [244] n., [442], [443] n., [448]
Smyrna fleet, [485], [486], [487]
Society of Fishing Merchants, [138], [159]
Solebay, battle of, [489]
Solinus, [25]
Somerset, Earl of, [56] n.
Sommelsdijck, Lord of. See Aerssen.
Sound, the sovereignty over, [4], [8], [16], [108];
toll levied at the, [4], [8], [35], [91], [108], [110], [154], [190], [339], [501]
South America, territorial sea, [661]
Southampton, [68], [73], [94]
Southwold, [90] n., [534]
“Sovereign of the Seas,” the, [28], [326]
Sovereignty of the sea, among ancients, [371] n., [373]
Sovereignty of sea, decadence of claim to, [15], [517], [522], [523], [566]
Sovereignty of sea, juridical controversies about, [5], [410-413];
liberty of navigation, [8], [11], [33], [34], [54].
See Navigation.
Sovereignty of the sea, meaning of, [2];
striking as a symbol of, [39]
Sovereignty of sea, treatises on, [364] n.
Sovereignty of the sea, Barrère on, [595];
Blackstone, [580] n.;
Boroughs, [364-366];
Champagne, [595], [596];
Chitty, [580] n.;
Secretary Coke, [272];
Cromwell, [423], [424];
Dr Dee, [99], [103];
De Witt, [454], [468], [470];
Evelyn, [514];
English writers, [493], [494], [513];
Gentilis, [359];
Hall, [580] n.;
Hargrave, [580] n.;
Italian jurists, [6];
Jenkins, [484] n.;
Loccenius, [550];
Molloy, [514];
Moore, [580] n.;
naval historians on, [521];
Selden, [370-374];
Stubbe, [496-498];
Wicquefort, [495];
Baltic, [4], [33], [552];
Bothnian Gulf, [4]
Sovereignty of sea, Denmark, [4], [8], [16], [33], [105], [108], [158], [339], [371], [376], [530], [552], [567];
contested by Elizabeth, [86];
England, origin of English claims, [6], [29], [30];
nature of, [8], [30];
defects of, [33];
early history of, [25];
under ancient Britons, [25], [26];
under Romans, [25], [365];
under Anglo-Saxons, [26];
under King Edgar, [27];
before Norman Conquest, [27];
after Norman Conquest, [29];
under Plantagenet Kings, [30], [40], [51], [52];
rolls concerning, [8], [43], [44], [45], [740], [744];
not claimed, by Tudors, [86], [111];
importance of claim under Stuarts, [9], [10], [118];
claimed as a prerogative of the crown, [211];
aimed against Dutch, [10], [125];
extravagant claims under Charles I., [209], [251], [264], [274];
under the Commonwealth, [378-382], [394], [395], [409], [412];
under Charles II., [441], [458], [487], [488];
decadence of claim, [15], [517], [522], [523];
of France, [287];
of Genoa, [4], [339], [341], [371];
of Norway, [4], [16], [530];
of Pisans, [371];
Poland, [4], [377];
Portugal, [5], [105-108], [112], [338], [339], [341], [371], [552];
Spain, [5], [105-108], [112], [118], [158], [330], [339], [341], [371], [552];
Sweden, [4], [350], [552];
Tuscans, [371];
Venice, [3], [4], [8], [16], [33], [338], [339], [341], [350], [351], [351] n., [371], [552], [566]
Sowe. See Zowe.
Spain, [20], [30], [33], [45], [57], [87], [91], [95], [107], [189], [198], [199], [203], [205], [212], [245], [247], [253], [255], [264], [266], [268], [275], [286], [304], [493];
claim to sovereignty of sea, [5], [86], [105-108], [112], [118], [188], [339];
fisheries, [92];
area of fishing-grounds, [738];
foreign trawlers at, [713];
fishermen of, on British coasts, [67], [129], [150];
peace with England, [125], [358];
war with United Provinces, [9], [119], [139], [148], [201], [243] n., [251];
territorial sea, [644-668];
limits of, [569], [664];
Customs limit, [594];
disputes with Great Britain and United States as to territorial sea, [664], [665]
Spaniards forced to strike, [117], [206]
Spanish Netherlands, [266], [272], [275]
Spanish whalers at Spitzbergen, [182], [183] n.
Spelman, [27]
Spitzbergen, [4];
whaling at, [112], [164], [181], [182-185], [193], [194], [194] n., [198], [199], [200], [527].
See also Greenland.
Spragge, Sir Edward, [485], [489]
Sprat fishery, [133]
Stair, Lord, on territorial limit, [545] n.
Star Chamber, [243]
Start, the, [260]
State merchant, [136]
States-General of the United Provinces, [84], [178], [186], [190], [192], [258], [292], [343], [351], [415], [481];
conclude treaty with James VI., [81];
conclude peace with Spain, [148];
consider James’s proclamation on unlicensed fishing, [148], [150];
decide to maintain freedom of fishing on British coast, [151];
send embassy to James about, [155];
arguments used, [155], [159];
proclamation suspended, [159];
apologise for the capture of Brown, [173];
send the Captain responsible to London, [174];
publish an edict forbidding their fishermen to interfere with Scottish fishermen, 179:
negotiations with James, [189];
disputes as to whale fishing at Spitzbergen, [181-185];
send another embassy to London, [185];
no instructions as to fishery question, [188], [189];
order their fishermen to keep out of sight of shore, [193];
send another embassy to James, [199];
again without instructions as to fishery question, [199], [200];
renew their edicts and order their fishermen not to go too near Scottish coast, [201];
proceedings regarding licenses of Charles I., [301], [302], [303], [304], [305], [312], [313], [314], [315];
instructions to Evertsen as to striking, [399];
to Tromp, [399], [402] n., [405];
send Van Dorp to protect the busses from Northumberland, [300];
order Van Dorp to prevent acceptance of licenses, [312], [313];
send Aerssen van Sommelsdijck as ambassador, [336];
on Selden’s ‘Mare Clausum,’ [375];
resolve to increase their fleet, [393];
and question of striking, [390], [392];
attitude to the Parliament, [381];
send ambassador to London, [384];
negotiations with St John, [384-391];
another embassy to London, [391];
consider and postpone question of striking, [392], [399];
resolve to strengthen their fleet, [393];
negotiations interrupted by Tromp’s encounter with Blake, [397];
disown Tromp’s action, [405];
instruct him to strike, [405];
send the Grand Pensionary to London, [405];
recall ambassador and prepare for war, [405], [406];
send four deputies to the Parliament, [415];
negotiations for peace, [414-435];
peace concluded, [435]
States-General and Charles II., action on fishery Bill, [449], [450], [451];
embargo on fisheries, [460], [462];
propose freedom of fishing during war, [461], [462];
differences with France as to, [463];
decision as to striking, [469], [481];
orders to their men-of-war on striking, [473];
drawn into dispute about striking, [482];
yield as to striking, [483], [484];
sue for peace, [490];
terms offered, [490];
reject terms, [491];
negotiations for peace, [498-506];
peace concluded, [508]
States-General. See Dutch, Netherlands, United Provinces.
States of Holland, [151], [155], [190], [303], [375], [384], [398], [407], [414]
Stebbing, [127] n.
Stephens, Violet, [139]
Stewart, Lord Robert, [169] n.
Stirling, Viscount, [239] n.
Stornoway, [216], [242]
Stowell, Lord, decisions respecting territorial limit, [577], [578], [641] n., [681], [682];
on three-mile limit, [641] n.
Straddling, Captain, [207] n., [282], [327]
Straits of Dover. See Dover.
Strange, Lady, [283]
Stratherne, Earl of, [239] n.
Strauchius, [550]
Strickland, Walter, [384], [392], [429]
Striking as an acknowledgment of maritime sovereignty, [3], [210];
origin of, [7], [42], [207];
first instance of, [43];
John’s ordinance on, [39-43];
under Tudors, [116];
under Henry VIII., [116];
opposed by French, [117];
under Elizabeth, [117], [204];
under James I., [204-208]
Striking under Charles I., [11], [12], [210], [212];
becomes very prominent, [276];
arrogance of English officers regarding, [280], [281], [282];
under Commonwealth, [378], [380], [381];
under Charles II., [496];
James II. and after, [552];
decay of claim to, [327], [518], [519], [522];
abandoned after Trafalgar, [15], [523];
Admiralty instructions concerning, [260], [261], [277], [278], [380-383], [456], [469], [523] n.
Striking, rules and customs of, [206-208], [277], [278], [398], [463], [464], [466], [469-472], [481];
not well understood, [277], [456], [466], [469], [470], [478], [479]
Striking at foreign ports and coasts, [278], [279], [280], [281], [282], [327], [381], [473], [477], [557];
before forts, [256], [279], [280], [472];
in British seas, [502], [503];
in Mediterranean, [327], [413], [456], [468], [473], [488];
in narrow seas, [206], [207] n., [208], [277], [402]
Striking by merchant vessels, [206], [207], [282], [513];
British, [260], [275], [283], [284], [285], [519];
foreign, [207], [275], [513]
Striking by Danes, [266], [282];
claim to, by Danes, [473], [520];
by Dunkirkers, [275], [282], [327]
Striking by Dutch, [12], [13], [117], [204], [205], [208], [267], [269], [270], [276], [277], [279], [280], [281], [300], [327], [328], [330], [334], [383], [390], [392], [397], [398], [400-403], [437], [438], [449], [452], [455-457], [466-469], [472], [473], [477-481], [485], [486], [490], [491] n., [495], [501], [510-513], [520];
States-General consider question, [390], [392], [397];
De Witt’s proposals regarding, [467], [468], [469], [470];
on striking to a frigate or ketch, [468-470];
question of whole fleet to single ship, [477], [478], [479], [482];
terms offered Dutch, [490], [491] n.;
offer to strike in all seas, [432], [505], [506], [510];
by Dutch to French, [276] and n.;
by English to Dutch, [512]
Striking by French, [117], [204], [212], [267], [270] and n., [271], [272], [275], [276], [279], [280], [283], [291], [313], [327], [332], [333], [471], [477], [488], [512], [513], [518], [520], [521];
French demand salute from English vessels, [212];
force English merchant vessels to strike, [268], [277], [283], [327];
by Hamburgers, [117];
by Spaniards, [205], [327], [330], [477];
by English to Spaniards, [512];
by Swedes, [382], [455], [456] n., [520]
Striking, Bynkershoek on, [556];
Jenkins on, [480], [481];
jurists on, [557];
Molloy on, [515];
Wicquefort on, [495];
Duke of York on, [469]
Striking, treaties regarding, [382], [455], [508], [517], [522-572] n.
Striking, arrangement between Charles and Louis, [488]
Striking, arrangement between France and the United Provinces proposed, [452]
Striking, differences between French and Dutch as to, [452], [463]
Striking, French edicts on, [513]
Striking, Richelieu’s proposals, [271], [272]
Striking, Tromp’s memorandum on, [398], [770]
Stuarts, the, [9], [57], [65], [118], [378]
Stubbe, Henry, on sovereignty of sea, [496], [497], [498]
Sturgeon, [66], [88], [363]
Stypmannus, [550]
Suffolk, [63], [94], [101], [248], [462]
Suffolk, Earl of, [227]
Sully, Duke of, [204]
Sunderland, [249]
Sweden, [60], [62], [142], [158], [358], [474], [490], [498];
asks for and obtains liberty of fishing in British seas, [427];
claim to sovereignty of sea, [4], [350], [377];
and striking, [208], [382];
territorial sea, [653], [664], [669], [674], [675];
method of computing, [669];
Customs limit, [594];
declines to adhere to North Sea Convention, [636]
Taurus, case of, [640]
Taxation of foreign fishermen, [203]
Teind fish, [195], [196]
Temple, Lady, [478], [479], [480]
Temple, Sir William, [470], [481];
on striking, [467], [468];
concludes Triple Alliance, [474];
recalled from The Hague, [476];
negotiates peace, [508];
on the article regarding striking, [509], [510]
Territorial sea, agreements between Great Britain and Germany, [634], [652];
Anglo-Danish Convention concerning Iceland and Faroes, [647], [648];
boundaries begin to be fixed, [554], [573];
by treaty, [526], [565];
Gulf Stream as a boundary, [575], [650];
British Foreign Office on, [665], [667] and n., [730], [731], [732], [738];
wishes territorial waters in North Sea to remain undefined, [632], [633], [634];
Parliamentary Committee recommend extension of, [707] and n.
Territorial sea, bays, and gulfs, [77], [348], [544], [545], [547], [548], [552], [574], [575], [581], [585], [589], [598], [599], [601-603], [610], [614], [619] n., [622-630], [632-634], [639], [649], [652], [666], [668], [670], [678], [718], [723], [725], [726], [730];
of Bengal, [625];
Biscay, [564], [625];
Bothnia, Gulf of, [564];
Cancale, see Granville;
Chaleurs, [623], [624], [628], [629], [630], [692];
Conception, [588], [589];
Delaware, [574], [599], [629];
Fundy, [623-625];
Granville, [612], [619], [692];
Hudson’s, [561];
of Argentina, [661];
Norway, [670], [672], [674], [677];
Scotland, firths, [222], [223], [230], [233], [239], [545], [622], [692];
Moray Firth, [721].
See also Fisheries and King’s Chambers.
Territorial sea, British Foreign Office on, [629], [730], [731] and n., [732], [733];
delimitation of North American, [622], [627-630];
French Government on, [632];
Hague Tribunal on, [732];
Institut de Droit International on, [691], [775];
International Law Association on, [691], [775];
inter fauces terræ, [544], [547];
measurement of, [639];
old English law regarding, [547];
omitted in Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, [593];
principles regarding, [548];
six-mile line for, [627], [629], [630], [632], [730], [731];
treaty stipulation in 1521, [548];
usage regarding, [547], [548]
Territorial sea, closed seas, [339], [564], [572], [582], [584], [585], [598], [657];
straits, [547], [561], [564], [586], [692], [776]
Territorial sea, Dano-Swedish limit in Baltic, [655];
decisions of law courts as to extent of, [585-592];
definitions in Acts, [589], [591], [718];
in Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, [591], [592]
Territorial sea, not absolutely defined by any State, [651], [652], [657], [660]
Territorial sea, not defined by Great Britain, [593]
Territorial sea, discussion between Spain, Great Britain, and United States, [665]
Territorial sea, discussion as to limit in North Sea, [632], [633], [634]
Territorial sea, distinction between limit under international law and in treaties, [644];
between exclusive fishery limit and territorial limit, [644], [660];
distinction between “coasts” and “bays,” [622];
meaning of “coasts,” [641] n.
Territorial sea, historical evolution of, [537]
Territorial sea, in peace and war, [636], [651], [665]
Territorial sea, in relation to fisheries, [693];
for “floating” fish, [698];
for coral, [684], [695], [697];
oysters, [611], [612], [619], [620], [621], [697];
pearls, [560], [697];
seals, [662], [663], [695], [696];
whales, [674], [695], [696];
exclusive fishery limit, [639];
on British and Irish coasts, [646], [647];
outside the North Sea, [643], [644], [645], [646];
extra-territorial regulations, [657], [661], [662], [663], [695], [699], [704], [707], [708], [716], [720], [725], [726], [727];
international regulations, [733], [734], [735];
trawling, [698], [707], [735];
jurisdiction for Customs, [593-595], [609], [665], [676], [679] n.;
for public health and slave-ships, [593-595];
under common law of England, [546];
over foreigners, [589], [590], [591];
navigation in, [78], [676]
Territorial sea, need of distinguishing different rights in, [690];
neutral waters, decrees respecting, [569-570];
proposed limit for, [690], [775]
Territorial sea, possession of opposite shores, [35], [43];
principle of thalweg or mid-line, [541-544]
Territorial sea, proposals of International Law Association, [690-692], [774];
question of banks and flats, [633], [634], [635], [639], [640] and n., [641] n.;
of consistency of soil, [641] n.;
of depth, [562];
of islands, [618], [634], [639], [641] n.;
of rocks and islets, [641-643], [649];
of tide-marks, [579], [641], [652], [659], [661], [666], [669] and n.;
of true boundary of, [539];
Scottish firths, [692];
statutes referring to, [589-594]
Territorial sea, usage in seventeenth century, [552];
in eighteenth, [566];
modern, [650]
Territorial sea, modern usage, Algeria, [657];
Argentine Republic, wide claim by, [661], [662], [663];
in Rio de la Plata, [663];
Austria-Hungary, [572], [658];
in Behring Sea, [585], [695] and n., [696];
Belgium, [658];
Chili, [661];
Cuba, [665];
Denmark, [528], [529], [530], [538], [567], [568], [653], [655], [664];
in Cattegat, [653];
Iceland and Faroes, [647], [648];
Skagerrack, [636], [653];
France, [657];
Germany, [652];
Great Britain, origin of, [538];
in Bristol Channel, [586-588];
at Bell Rock, [642];
at Eddystone, [641], [642], [643];
at Seven Stones Rocks, [642], [643];
British colonies, [661];
British N. America, [531];
Greece, [661];
Italy, [659];
Japan, [661];
Netherlands, [658];
in Zuiderzee, [635], [636];
Norway, [457], [528], [538], [568], [653], [664], [669-681], [685];
method of measuring, [669], [670], [685];
rejects three-mile limit, [633], [636], [678], [681];
reasons for wide limit, [676], [677];
in Varangerfjord, [674];
in Vestfjord, Lofotens, [672-674], [677];
special limits in, [671], [672], [678], [679];
Portugal, [538], [569], [664], [668];
Russia, [656];
White Sea, [564], [657];
Scandinavian limit, [528], [567] and n., [653], [655];
Spain, [538], [569], [664-668];
South America, [661];
Sweden, [538], [653], [664], [669], [674], [675];
method of computing in, [669];
United States, [661];
various limits claimed by, [575];
Uruguay, [663];
Venice, [571]
Territorial sea, opinions of publicists in first part eighteenth century on, [565], [566];
of recent publicists, [603], [605], [681], [688], [689]
Territorial sea, opinions of Abreu y Bertodano, [559];
Aschehoug, [686], [688];
Auber, [691];
Azuni, [564], [565];
on Bays, [565];
Bishop, [683], [689];
Bluntschli, [682], [688];
Bodin, [540];
Burgus, [550];
Bynkershoek, [555], [556];
on range of vision, [546];
Calvo, [682], [688];
Casaregi, [558];
Lord Chelmsford, [586];
Chitty, [597];
Conringius, [550];
Baron de Courcel, [664] n.;
Craig, [357];
Dana, [683], [689];
Desjardins, [685], [688];
Lord Dunedin, [724];
Ferguson, [684], [689];
Fiore, [684], [689];
Lord Fitzmaurice, [630], [730], [731];
Galiani, [563];
Gentilis, [540];
Graswinckel, [550];
Sir Edward Grey, [732];
Grotius, [549];
on range of vision, [545];
Lord Guthrie, [723];
Chief-Justice Hale, [543];
Hall, [687], [689];
Halleck, [683], [689];
Lord Halsbury, [592];
Lord Hatherly, [586] n.;
Hautefeuille, [601], [688];
Heffter, [600], [689];
Lord Herschell, [692] n.;
Holland, [691];
Hübner, [562];
Kent, [599], [689];
Kleen, [685];
Klüber, [597], [688];
Lord Kyllachy, [725];
Lampredi, [563];
Latour, [595], [685];
Lawrence, [683], [688];
Leoni Levi, [664] n.;
Loccenius, [550];
Lord Loreburn, [732];
Lushington, [586] n.;
Manning, [600], [689];
Massé, [602], [688];
de Martens, [686], [688];
G. F. von Martens, [563];
on bays, [564];
on straits, [564];
Moore, [691] n.;
Moser, [562];
Sir John Nicholl, [586];
Oppenheim, [688];
Ortolan, [600], [688];
Perels, [684], [688];
Phillimore, [682], [688], [689];
Pistoye and Duverdy, [602], [688];
Pontanus, [550];
Pradier-Fodéré, [684], [688];
Puffendorf, [550];
on bays and gulfs, [551];
Rayneval, [596];
Reddie, [600];
Lord Salisbury, [592];
Sarpi, [547];
Schmalz, [597], [688];
Shookius, [550];
Lord Stowell, [641] n.;
Strauchius, [550];
Sir Travers Twiss, [683], [689], [691] n.;
Valin, [562];
Vattel, [560], [689];
on bays, [561];
on straits, [561];
Lord Wensleydale, [586] n.;
Westlake, [691] n.;
Wheaton, [598], [689];
Wolff, [559], [689];
Woolsey, [683], [689];
opinions of early English lawyers, [539];
of early Italian jurists, [539];
of Institut de Droit International, [689-692], [774];
of International Law Association, [689-692], [774];
of judges in Franconia case, [590]
Territorial Sea. Various limits proposed or adopted for different purposes:
Three-mile limit, proposed by Galiani, [563];
by Azuni, [565];
introduced for neutrality by United States, [573], [574];
introduced into English jurisprudence, [576], [577];
originated in neutral rights, [694];
applied to fisheries, [581];
confusion of, with range of guns, [591] and n., [598], [682], [683], [689];
not equivalent to range of guns, [21], [576];
discussion on, [650-652];
generally adopted through influence of the United States and Great Britain, [21], [681];
an Anglo-American doctrine, [681], [684];
not generally accepted by publicists, [580], [680], [681], [688], [775];
common adoption of, [21], [650];
in some international fishery conventions, [581], [612], [614], [617], [619], [621], [634], [635], [647], [649], [652];
generally for fisheries, [616], [647], [663], [680];
inadequacy of, [21], [604], [615], [617], [651], [679], [682], [683], [686], [687], [690], [693], [694], [707] and n.;
in relation to next great maritime war, [22];
British Government on, [730], [732];
refuses to recognise jurisdiction beyond three miles, [663], [667] and n., [738];
wishes three-mile limit extended in war, [665];
rejected by four European States, [664];
refused by Norway, [633], [636], [678], [681];
complex on Norwegian coast, [672], [676]
Four-mile limit, [653];
five miles, [575], [665], [691], [698], [715];
six miles, [559], [563], [565], [566], [575], [582], [605], [606], [664], [665], [690], [691], [694], [775];
adopted by International Law Association for Fisheries, [690], [775];
limit for Dutch on Scottish coast, [605], [606];
eight miles, [665], [694];
nine miles, [563], [564] n., [608] and n., [611], [618], [679], [679] n., [691], [698], [737];
on French coast, [608] n., [609];
recommended by English trawlers for North Sea, [702];
ten miles, [665], [668], [687], [694], [696], [698], [707], [737];
in Argentina, [661];
recommended for North Sea by English trawlers, [702];
twelve miles, [575], [593], [594], [662], [665], [668], [715];
thirteen miles, [703], [720], [738];
for fishery on Scottish coast, [720];
fourteen miles, [77], [84], [192], [193], [545], [694];
twenty-eight miles, [77], [84], [545];
thirty miles, [572], [696];
forty miles, [178], [585];
sixty miles, [3], [540], [696];
eighty miles, [79], [355];
100 miles, [3], [169], [353], [360], [373], [539], [541], [559];
claimed by Russia in Behring Sea, [582]
Range of guns, [21], [349], [549], [552], [593], [646], [658], [660], [676], [681], [685-687], [690], [716];
first proposed by Dutch ambassadors, [156], [549];
Bynkershoek’s dictum on, [556];
merits of, [558];
fixed in treaties and decrees, [570-572];
generally adopted, [576];
incorporated in international law, [558];
generally accepted by publicists, [688];
the true principle of delimitation, [595], [602], [603];
and neutral rights, [557], [559], [571], [572];
and salute, [556], [557];
as “zone of respect,” [690], [775]
Range of vision, [175], [193], [347], [544-546], [571], [574], [596], [602], [694];
defects of, [546];
adhered to by Dutch, [546];
claimed by Denmark, [529], [545];
proposed by some modern publicists, [546], [565], [600] (see Land-kenning);
subsistence limit of Sarpi, [547]
Territorial waters. See Territorial sea.
Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, [580] n., [590], [591], [592], [717], [718], [731]
Teutonic invaders, seafaring habits of, [26]
Texel, [18], [409]; battle of, [498]
Thalweg. See Mid-line.
Thames, [49], [60], [76], [131], [133], [219], [443], [444], [459], [462], [472], [476]
Thanet, [49], [68]
Thorpe, [27], [28]
Three-mile limit. See Territorial sea.
Three seas, [17]
Thurloe, [432], [434], [436], [497], [498] n.
Tithes of fish. See Fish.
Tlieff, Captain Andrees, [171], [174], [175]
Top-sails, lowering of. See Striking.
Tordesillas, treaty of, [5], [106]
Traders, hostilities between, [53], [54]
Trafalgar, [15]
Trawling. See Fisheries.
Treaties, England and Burgundy, 1405, 1408, [69];
1417, [70];
1439, [70];
1467, [71];
1478, [72];
1496 (Intercursus Magnus), [72];
1499, [73];
1506, [73];
1515, [73];
1520, [73];
and Castile, 1351, [67];
and Denmark, 1468, [110];
1490, [109];
1523, [109];
1583, [110];
and Flanders, 1320, [55];
and France, 1303, [44-46], [49];
1403, [67];
1471, [72];
1528, [75];
and Portugal, 1353, [67];
1439, [70];
and United Provinces, 1585, [433];
Scotland and the Emperor, 1541, [78];
1550, [79], [179];
Scotland and the Netherlands, 1291, 1321, 1323, 1371, 1401, 1407, 1412, 1416, [76];
1531, 1541, [188] n.;
and United Provinces, 1594, [81], [157], [169], [173], [188] n., [257], [388];
Great Britain and Belgium, 1852, [617], [645];
1882, [637];
and Denmark, 1882, [637];
1901, [647], [740];
and France, 1686, [526], [622];
1786, [572];
1839, [612];
1867, [619];
1882, [637];
and Germany, 1882, [637];
and Mexico, 1888, [679] n.;
and the Netherlands, 1625, [433];
1654, [435], [436], [455];
1662, [455];
1674, [508];
1689, [517];
1784, [522];
1882, [637];
and Russia, 1825, [583];
and Spain, 1630, [425];
1790, [573];
and Sweden, [427];
and United States, 1783, [622];
1794, [574], [622];
1814, [581];
1818, [581], [627];
1854, [625];
1871, [627];
1888, [628];
Denmark and Sweden, 1780, [572] n.;
1899, [655], [675];
France and Algeria, 1689, [527], [573];
Burgundy, 1468, [71];
the Emperor, 1521, [74], [119];
Russia, 1787, [572];
and United Provinces, 1635, [276];
1662, [453];
Norway and Mexico, 1886, [594], [679];
Porte and Naples, 1740, [546];
Russia, Denmark, and Sweden, 1780, [572] n.;
and the two Sicilies, 1787, [572];
and the United Provinces and Prussia, 1781, [572] n.;
Spain and Morocco, 1861, [668];
and Portugal, 1494, [106];
1878, 1885, 1893, [665], [666];
and Tripoli, 1784, [572];
and the United Provinces, 1609, [148], [344], [350] n.;
United States and Morocco, 1785, [572];
and Russia, 1824, [583]
Treaties concerning fishery, British North America, [526], [531], [532], [574], [622], [625], [627], [628]
Treaties guaranteeing liberty of fishing on English coasts, [66-74]
Treaty of Antwerp, [148], [344], [350] n.;
of Breda, [464], [465];
of Dover, [475];
of Ryswick, [466] n.;
of Southampton, [388];
of Tordesillas, [5], [106];
of Troyes, [8], [35];
of Union, England and Scotland, 1604, [192], [545];
of Utrecht, [531]
Treport, [65], [426]
Trinity House, [114], [120], [447];
on limits of King’s Chambers, [9], [753];
on extent of British Seas, [20], [465] n., [477], [478];
on jurisdiction of Cinque Ports in Channel, [544];
on striking, [477]
Triple Alliance, [467], [471], [474], [476], [481], [483], [490]
Tromp, Lieut.-Admiral Martin Harpentz, [329], [390], [395], [408], [411] n., [415], [422], [436], [477], [511];
attacks Oquendo in the Straits of Dover, [330];
in the Downs, [245], [331];
strikes to English, [330], [334];
his letter to Pennington, [334];
commands Dutch fleet, [329];
puts to sea to prevent search of Dutch vessels, [397];
no instructions as to striking, [397], [399];
his memorandum on striking, [398], [770];
reluctance to strike, [400], [401], [403], [404];
encounter with Blake, [12], [207] n., [397], [403], [404], [421];
correspondence with Blake, [404] n., [771];
story of broom, [408], [409]
Tudors, [85], [86], [87], [118]
Tunny fishery, [142], [504]
Tweedmouth, Lord, [691], [720]
Twee Gebroeders, case of, [576], [577], [641] n.
Twiss, Sir Travers, [39], [40], [41], [42], [52] n., [53], [312] n., [689], [691] n.
Two seas, [17]
Tynemouth, [214]
Tyrrhenian Sea, sovereignty of, [371]
United Provinces, [9], [12-14], [81], [119], [125], [126] n., [151], [157], [170], [179], [187], [191], [197], [198], [201], [243] n., [246], [251], [253], [257], [264], [265], [275], [288], [301], [302], [304], [340], [342], [364], [384], [399], [405], [416], [441], [454], [460], [470], [474], [517], [527-529].
See States-General, Dutch, Netherlands.
United States of America, disputes and negotiations regarding British North American fisheries, [532], [581], [621-630], [731] and n.;
regarding Behring Sea, [541], [583], [584], [695] n.;
territorial sea, [599], [661];
fixes three miles for neutrality, [21], [93], [573], [574];
various limits claimed, [574], [575], [650];
influence of, in adoption of three-mile limit, [650]
Uruguay, territorial sea, [663]
Ushant, [103], [290], [399], [437]
Utrecht, [81]; treaty of, [531], [582]
Vagabonds, [98]
Valck, Jacob, [81]
Valin, on territorial sea, [562]
Vane, Sir Henry, [269], [414], [422] n., [439]
Varangerfjord, [674], [695]
Vardö, or Vardöhuus, [86], [97] n., [108], [109], [110]
Vasquez. See Vasquius.
Vasquius, Ferdinand, on dominion of sea, [341], [351], [353]
Vattel, on territorial sea, [560];
on appropriation of fisheries, [561]
Venice, [30], [91], [186] n., [191];
sea sovereignty of, [3], [4] and n., [16], [33], [54], [107], [158], [339], [341], [350], [351], [361], [371], [540], [547], [552];
limit of territorial sea, [571]
Vestfjord, [672], [677]
Vic, M. de, Vice-Admiral of France, [204]
Violation of ports, [247], [249], [250]
Virginia, [388]
Visit and search and gun range, [557]
Visitation of English ships, [268]
Wagenaar, [80], [167] n., [311] n.
Walderswick, [90] n.
Walker, Sir Richard, [280]
Walmer Castle, [279]
Warbeck, Perkin, [72], [387]
Wardhouse. See Vardö.
Warwick, Earl of, [206] n, [276], [379], [380]
Wash, the, [18]
Washington, George, [573], [681]
Wells, [90]
Welwood, William, [342] n., [343], [371], [546], [551];
on appropriation of the sea, [353];
dominion of the sea, [354];
exhaustibility of sea, [355];
on Grotius, [352];
on limit for Dutch on Scottish coast, [79], [84];
sea laws of Scotland, [352];
attack on, by Graswinckel, [412]
Wensleydale, Lord, on territorial sea, [586] n.
Wentworth, Viscount, [227] n.
West Friesland, [453]
Westlake, Professor, on territorial sea, [691] n.
Westmoney Islands, [109], [247]
Weston, Lord, [227], [239] n., [241], [281]
Weymouth, [268]
Whale-fishing, [187], [189];
in Behring Sea, [585];
at Greenland, [407], [527-530];
at Jan Mayen, [527];
at Spitzbergen, [112], [164], [181-184], [193], [194] n., [200], [527];
in Varangerfjord, [674];
regulations, [695]
Whales, right to, [66], [363]
Wharton, [312] n.
Wheaton, on territorial sea, [598]
Whestone, Admiral, [520]
Whitby, [462]
Whitelock, [414]
White Sea, sealing at, [695];
territoriality of, [657];
trawling at, [680]
Whitstable Fishery, case of, [586] n.
Wicklow, [63]
Wicquefort, on sovereignty of sea, [495]
Wilkins, [27]
Willes, John, [43]
William of Malmesbury, [27]
William III. and sovereignty of sea, [517-520]
William the Lion, King, [59]
Williamson, Sir Joseph, plenipotentiary at Cologne, [496], [497], [498], [511]
Willoughby, [181], [183]
Wilson, Thomas, [163] n.
Wimbledon, Viscount, [227] n.
Winchelsea, [37], [49], [50], [73]
Windebank, [243], [250], [253], [263], [267], [287], [295], [302], [319], [320], [322], [323]
Winwood, Sir Ralph, [130] n., [152], [162], [168], [172]
Wolff, on territorial sea, [559]
Wolseley, Sir Charles, [429]
Wolsey, Cardinal, [74], [119], [548]
Woolsey, on territorial sea, [683]
Worcester, [27]
Worcester, Earl of, [56] n.
Worsley, Dr Benjamin, [515]
Wotton, [162]
Wreck, right to, [66], [362], [363], [542]
Yarmouth, [34] n., [46] n., [49], [58], [60], [62], [73], [90], [96], [97] n., [100], [108], [126], [129], [130] n., [131], [133], [134], [143-145], [151], [162], [214], [247], [248], [249], [295], [307], [308], [391] n., [438], [455], [461], [462], [463], [515], [546]
York, Duke of, [446], [448], [456], [457], [458], [469], [472], [485], [493], [516]
Yorkshire, [133]
Young, Captain, [207] n., [401], [402]
Ypres, [71]
Zealand, [45], [60], [62], [64], [71], [72], [73], [74] n., [75], [81], [88], [92], [94], [95], [125], [195]
Zierikzee, [45] n.
Zorgdrager, [194] n.
Zouch, [515]
Zowe, fishing-bank, [65] and n., [189] n., [276] n., [426] n., [440], [544], [749]
Zuiderzee, territoriality of, [635]

THE END.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The possession by Venice of this maritime sovereignty was symbolised each year for many centuries by the picturesque ceremony of “espousing” the Adriatic. On Ascension Day the Doge was rowed to the strains of music in a magnificent gilded state barge, the Bucentaur, to the channel of Lido, where he cast a ring into the water, exclaiming as he did so, “We espouse thee, O Sea, in sign of a real and perpetual dominion” (“Desponsamus te mare in signum veri perpetuique dominii”). The Papal nuncio and representatives of other states assisted at the ceremony.

[2] Twiss, The Law of Nations in Time of War, 142. Maine, International Law, 76.

[3] Twiss, op. cit., 143, 144. Reddie, Maritime International Law, i. 41.

[4] Nicolas, Hist. Navy, i. 157.

[5] “Il sera banny hors dAngleterre et de mer appartenant au roi dAngleterre,” Article in Black Book, i. 58, ascribed to the reign of Henry I. (A.D. 1100-1135); “Ad piscandum in mari nostro, prope Jernemuth,” Edward I., A.D. 1295, Fœdera, ii. 688; “la meer Dengleterre,” A.D. 1306, Chanc. Rolls, Misc. Treaties, &c., Bd. 14, No. 15; “super mare Anglicanum” (Rot. Pat., 14 Edw. II., pt. ii. m. 26, d.), A.D. 1320, &c., &c.; “partibus maris infra regnum nostrum Angliæ,” A.D. 1317, Edw. II., Fœdera, iii. 469; A.D. 1406, Hen. IV., giving freedom of fishing, “ubicumque supra mare, per et infra dominia, jurisdictiones, et districtus nostra”; “Seigneur de la mer,” A.D. 1320, Fœdera, iii. 852; “reges Angliæ domini maris Anglicani circumquaque,” A.D. 1336, Rot. Scot., i. 442; “domini maris et transmarini passagii,” A.D. 1336, Fœdera, iv. 721; “le roi de la mier,” A.D. 1372, Rot. Parl., ii. 311; “seigneurs del meer,” A.D. 1420, ibid., iv. 126, &c., &c.

[6] Fœdera, xvi. 395; State Papers, Dom. 1604, 11, 40; Fœdera, xix. 211; Libelle of Englyshe Polycye; Dee, General and Rare Memorials, 6; State Papers, Dom. 1662, 66, 50, “It is a fundamental Maxime of England, that the sea flowing about the Isle of Great Britaine is of the same dominion with the isle”; “the dominion of the ambient seas.”