[111] Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, pp. 668-9, and Across Australia.
[112] Any hard wood may be used, but cedar makes the best canoe. Hamilton Rice says cachicama (Rice, p. 691). Spruce mentions “a heavy laurel, probably Paraturi,” used by the Tussari for making their cascos (Spruce, i. 413). Bates mentions the Itauba amarello, “the yellow variety of the stone-wood” (Bates, ii. 117). But all trees will not do, for some will not open properly when they are fired (André, pp. 241-2).
[113] Iriartea ventricosa.
[114] This is said to be the only kind of canoe used by the Auhishiri (cf. Simson, p. 199).
[115] Viz. the Maca, the Guaharibo, and the Guahibo (Spruce, i. 477).
[116] Wallace, p. 358.
[117] For example, the Zaparo (Simson, pp. 169, 295); the Uaupes Indians (Wallace, p. 349).
[118] Among other tribes this is not always the case. Manioc and banana cultivation with the Rucuyens is carried on by the men (Ratzel, ii. 128).
[119] There is a wild species on some of the rivers, but the Indians make no use of it (cf. Bates, i. 194).
[120] Anauana sativa (Wallace, p. 336).