[121] Spruce, i. 180-81.

[122] Among the Issa-Japura tribes it is rather sustaining than stimulating, i.e. it is not fermented.

[123] Theobroma, the food of the gods (Spruce, i. 79).

[124] I would suggest that manioc is the true name for the plant, cassava for the “bread” made therefrom. Mandiocca is only American-Spanish for manioc.

[125] Bates i. 194, n.

[126] Spruce, i. 215.

[127] Capsicum frutescens (Spix and Martius, p. 259). Artanthe eximia and other Artanthe and Peperomia (Spruce, ii. 283-4).

[128] For processes of growing and preparation, see Markham, pp. 148-9.

[129] Erythroxylon coca and E. cataractarum (Spruce, ii. 446-8).

[130] Cf. E. B. Tylor, p. 170.