[1] Plin. Hist. Nat., lib. xxxv. c. 8.

[2] Panoska Terracotten des Museums Berlin, pl. lxi. p. 154.

[3] Given in Panofka, “Antiques du Cabinet Pourtalès,” pl. x.

[4] Arnobius (contra Gentes), lib. iv. p. 150. Carmen malum conscribere, quo fama alterius coinquinatur et vita, decemviralibus scitis evadere noluistis impune: ac ne vestras aures convitio aliquis petulantiore pulsaret, de atrocibus formulas constituistis injuriis. Soli dii sunt apud vos superi inhonorati, contemtibiles, viles: in quos jus est vobis datum quæ quisque voluerit dicere turpitudinem, jacere quas libido confinxerit atque excogitaverit formas.

[5] Pliny, Hist. Nat., lib. xxxv. c. 40.

[6] Pliny, Hist. Nat., lib. xxxv. c. 40.

[7] Engraved by Ch. Lenormant et J. de Witt, “Elite des Monuments Céramographiques,” pl. xciv.

[8] These intaglios are engraved in the Museum Florentinum of Gorius, vol. ii. pl. 30. On one of them the figures are reversed.

[9] It is said to have received its Latin name from this circumstance, persona, a personando. See Aulus Gellius, Noct. Att., lib. v. c. 7.

[10] “Simulacrum ... quod opponitur faciei ad terrendos parvos.” (Ugutio, ap. Ducange, v. Masca.)