[11] See, for allusions to the private employment of these performances, Pliny, Epist. i. 15, and ix. 36.

[12] Quintilian says, “Satira quidem tota nostra est.” De Instit. Orator., lib. x. c. 1.

[13] ἐπί των καπηλίων. Problem. Aristotelic. Sec. x. 7.

[14] On this subject, see my “History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments,” p. 65. The dancing bear appears to have been a favourite performer among the Germans at a very early period.

[15] Per totam noctem cantabantur hic nefaria et a cantatoribus saltabatur. Augustini Serm. 311, part v.

[16] Noctes pervigiles cum ebrietate, scurrilitate, vel canticis. See the Capitulary in Labbei Concil., vol. v.

[17] Ut populi.....saltationibus et turpibus invigilant canticis.

[18] The reader is referred, for further information on this subject, to my “History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments,” pp. 33-39.

[19] This curious Latin poem was printed by Grimm and Schmeller, in their Lateinische Gedichte des x. und xi. Jh., p. 129.

[20] On the character of the nuns among the Anglo-Saxons, and indeed of the inmates of the monastic houses generally, I would refer my readers to the excellent and interesting volume by Mr. John Thrupp, “The Anglo-Saxon Home: a History of the Domestic Institutions and Customs of England from the fifth to the eleventh century.” London, 1862.