:Tajikistan Communications
Railroads:
480 km all 1.520-meter (broad) gauge (includes NA km electrified); does not
include industrial lines (1990); 258 km between Dushanbe (Tajikistan) and
Termez (Uzbekistan), connects with the railroad system of the other
republics of the former Soviet Union at Tashkent in Uzbekistan
Highways:
29,900 km total (1990); 24,400 km hard surfaced, 8,500 km earth
Inland waterways:
NA km perennially navigable
Pipelines:
NA
Civil air:
NA
Airports:
NA
Telecommunications:
poorly developed; telephone density NA; linked by landline or microwave with
other CIS member states and by leased connections via the Moscow
international gateway switch to other countries; satellite earth stations -
Orbita and INTELSAT (TV receive only)
:Tajikistan Defense Forces
Branches:
Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard; CIS
Forces (Ground, Air, and Air Defense)
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, NA; NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18)
annually
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
:Tanzania Geography
Total area:
945,090 km2
Land area:
886,040 km2; includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Comparative area:
slightly larger than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
3,402 km total; Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756
km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Coastline:
1,424 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint
in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the
indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled
Climate:
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Terrain:
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Natural resources:
hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones,
gold, natural gas, nickel
Land use:
arable land 5%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 40%; forest and
woodland 47%; other 7%; includes irrigated NEGL%
Environment:
lack of water and tsetse fly limit agriculture; recent droughts affected
marginal agriculture; Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa
:Tanzania People
Population:
27,791,552 (July 1992), growth rate 3.4% (1992)
Birth rate:
49 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
15 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
-1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
103 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
50 years male, 55 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
7.0 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Tanzanian(s); adjective - Tanzanian
Ethnic divisions:
mainland - native African consisting of well over 100 tribes 99%; Asian,
European, and Arab 1%
Religions:
mainland - Christian 33%, Muslim 33%, indigenous beliefs 33%; Zanzibar -
almost all Muslim
Languages:
Swahili and English (official); English primary language of commerce,
administration, and higher education; Swahili widely understood and
generally used for communication between ethnic groups; first language of
most people is one of the local languages; primary education is generally in
Swahili
Literacy:
46% (male 62%, female 31%) age 15 and over can read and write (1978)
Labor force:
732,200 wage earners; 90% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce (1986 est.)
Organized labor:
15% of labor force
:Tanzania Government
Long-form name:
United Republic of Tanzania
Type:
republic
Capital:
Dar es Salaam; some government offices have been transferred to Dodoma,
which is planned as the new national capital by the end of the 1990s
Administrative divisions:
25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro,
Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South,
Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar
Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi
Independence:
Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UN trusteeship under
British administration); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from
UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United
Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29
October 1964
Constitution:
15 March 1984 (Zanzibar has its own Constitution but remains subject to
provisions of the union Constitution)
Legal system:
based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to
matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
Union Day, 26 April (1964)
Executive branch:
president, first vice president and prime minister of the union, second vice
president and president of Zanzibar, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal, High Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985); First Vice President
John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990); Second Vice President Salmin AMOUR
(since 9 November 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990)
Political parties and leaders:
only party - Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan
MWINYI, party chairman
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - Ali
Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition
National Assembly:
last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - CCM
is the only party; seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-6, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS,
NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO