:Turkey People
Population:
59,640,143 (July 1992), growth rate 2.1% (1992)
Birth rate:
27 births/1,000 populatition (1992)
Death rate:
6 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
55 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
68 years male, 72 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
3.4 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Turk(s); adjective - Turkish
Ethnic divisions:
Turkish 80%, Kurdish 17%, other 3% (est.)
Religions:
Muslim (mostly Sunni) 99.8%, other (Christian and Jews) 0.2%
Languages:
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic
Literacy:
81% (male 90%, female 71%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
Labor force:
20,700,000; agriculture 49%, services 30%, industry 15%; about 1,500,000
Turks work abroad (1989)
Organized labor:
10% of labor force
:Turkey Government
Long-form name:
Republic of Turkey
Type:
republican parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Ankara
Administrative divisions:
73 provinces (iller, singular - il); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray,
Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik,
Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli,
Diyarbakir, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep,
Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Icel, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahraman
Maras, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir,
Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir,
Nigde, Ordu, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag,
Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Urfa, Usak, Van, Yozgat, Zonguldak
Independence:
29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
Constitution:
7 November 1982
Legal system:
derived from various continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday:
Anniversary of the Declaration of the Republic, 29 October (1923)
Executive branch:
president, Presidential Council, prime minister, deputy prime minister,
Cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral Grand National Assembly (Buyuk Millet Meclisi)
Judicial branch:
Court of Cassation
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Turgut OZAL (since 9 November 1989)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Suleyman DEMIREL (since 30 November 1991); Deputy Prime
Minister Erdal INONU (since 30 November 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
Correct Way Party (DYP), Suleyman DEMIREL; Motherland Party (ANAP), Mesut
YILMAZ; Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP), Erdal INONU; Refah Party
(RP), Necmettin ERBAKAN; Democratic Left Party (DSP), Bulent ECEVIT;
Nationalist Labor Party (MCP), Alpaslan TURKES; People's Labor Party (HEP),
Feridun YAZAR; Socialist Unity Party (SBP), leader NA; Great Anatolia Party
(BAP), leader NA; Democratic Center Party (DSP), Bedrettin DALAN; Grand
National Party (GNP), leader NA
Suffrage:
universal at age 21
Elections:
Grand National Assembly:
last held 20 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1996); results - DYP
27.03%, ANAP 24.01%, SHP 20.75%, RP 16.88%, DSP 10.75%, SBP 0.44%,
independent 0.14%; seats - (450 total) DYP 178, ANAP 115, SHP 86, RP 40, MCP
19, DSP 7, other 5
:Turkey Government
Member of:
AsDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN (observer), COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, NATO, NEA, OECD,
OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNRWA, UPU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Nuzhet KANDEMIR; Chancery at 1606 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC;
20008; telephone (202) 387-3200; there are Turkish Consulates General in
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
US:
Ambassador Richard C. BARKLEY; Embassy at 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Ankara
(mailing address is PSC 88, Box 5000, Ankara, or APO AE 09823); telephone
[90] (4) 126 54 70; FAX [90] (4) 167-0057; there are US Consulates General
in Istanbul and Izmir, and a Consulate in Adana
Flag:
red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist
side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening
:Turkey Economy
Overview:
The impressive stream of benefits from the economic reforms that Turkey
launched in 1980 have begun to peter out. Although real growth in per capita
GDP averaged 5% annually between 1983 and 1988, recent economic performance
has fallen substantially. Moreover, inflation and interest rates remain
high, and a large budget deficit will continue to provide difficulties for a
country undergoing a substantial transformation from a centrally controlled
to a free market economy. Agriculture remains an important economic sector,
employing about half of the work force, accounting for 18% of GDP, and
contributing 19% to exports. The government has launched a
multibillion-dollar development program in the southeastern region, which
includes the building of a dozen dams on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to
generate electric power and irrigate large tracts of farmland. The planned
tapping of huge additional quantities of Euphrates water has raised serious
concern in the downstream riparian nations of Syria and Iraq. The Turkish
economy emerged from the Gulf War of early 1991 in stronger shape than
Ankara had expected. Although the negative effects of the crisis were felt
primarily in the politically sensitive southeast, aid pledges by the
coalition allies of more than $4 billion have helped offset the burden.
GDP:
purchasing power equivalent - $198 billion, per capita $3,400; real growth
rate 1.5% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
71.1% (1991)
Unemployment rate:
11.1% (1991 est.)
Budget:
revenues $41.9 billion; expenditures $49.7 billion, including capital
expenditures of $9.9 billion (1992)
Exports:
$13.0 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
industrial products (steel, chemicals) 81%; fruits, vegetables, tobacco and
meat products 19%
partners:
EC countries 49%, US 7%, Iran 5%
Imports:
$22.3 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, metals, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, dyes, plastics, rubber, fertilizers, grain
partners:
EC countries 49%, US 7%, Iran 5%
External debt:
$49.0 billion (1990)
Industrial production:
growth rate 10% (1990 est.); accounts for 29% of GDP
Electricity:
14,400,000 kW capacity; 44,000 million kWh produced, 750 kWh per capita
(1991)
Industries:
textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron minerals),
steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Agriculture:
accounts for 18% of GDP and employs about half of working force; products -
tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulses, citrus fruit, variety
of animal products; self-sufficient in food most years
:Turkey Economy
Illicit drugs:
one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government
maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output
of poppy straw concentrate
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $2.3 billion; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.1 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $665 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $4.5
billion; note - aid for Persian Gulf war efforts from coalition allies
(1991), $4.1 billion; aid pledged for Turkish Defense Fund, $2.5 billion
Currency:
Turkish lira (plural - liras); 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus
Exchange rates:
Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 6,098.4 (March 1992), 4,171.8 (1991), 2,608.6
(1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988), 857.2 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year