:Turkmenistan Government
Flag:
green field with five claret carpet gels (that is, a repeated carpet
pattern) on the hoist side; a white crescent and five white stars in the
upper left corner to the right of the carpet gels
:Turkmenistan Economy
Overview:
Like the other 15 former Soviet republics, Turkmenistan faces enormous
problems of economic adjustment - to move away from Moscow-based central
planning toward a system of decisionmaking by private enterpreneurs, local
government authorities, and, hopefully, foreign investors. This process
requires wholesale changes in supply sources, markets, property rights, and
monetary arrangements. Industry - with 10% of the labor force - is heavily
weighted toward the energy sector, which produced 11% of the ex-USSR's gas
and 1% of its oil. Turkmenistan ranked second among the former Soviet
republics in cotton production, mainly in the irrigated western region,
where the huge Karakumskiy Canal taps the Amu Darya.
GDP:
purchasing power equivalent - NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate -0.6%
(1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
85% (1991)
Unemployment rate:
20-25% (1991 est.)
Budget:
NA
Exports:
$239 million (1990)
commodities:
natural gas, oil, chemicals, cotton, textiles, carpets
partners:
Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Imports:
$970 million (1990)
commodities:
machinery and parts, plastics and rubber, consumer durables, textiles
partners:
NA
External debt:
$650 million (end of 1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 4.1% (1991)
Electricity:
3,170,000 kW capacity; 14,900 million kWh produced, 4,114 kWh per capita
(1990)
Industries:
oil and gas, petrochemicals, fertilizers, food processing, textiles
Agriculture:
cotton, fruits, vegetables
Illicit drugs:
illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for domestic consumption;
status of government eradication programs unknown; used as transshipment
points for illicit drugs to Western Europe
Economic aid:
NA
Currency:
As of May 1992, retaining ruble as currency
Exchange rates:
NA
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Turkmenistan Communications
Railroads:
2,120 km all 1.520-meter gauge
Highways:
23,000 km total (1990); 18,300 km hard surfaced, 4,700 km earth
Inland waterways:
NA km
Pipelines:
NA
Ports:
inland - Krasnovodsk
Civil air:
NA
Airports:
NA
Telecommunications:
poorly developed; telephone density NA; linked by landline or microwave to
other CIS member states and Iran, and by leased connections via the Moscow
international gateway switch to other countries; satellite earth stations -
Orbita and INTELSAT (TV receive only)
:Turkmenistan Defense Forces
Branches:
Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard; CIS
Forces (Ground, Air and Air Defense)
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, NA; NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18)
annually
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
:Turks and Caicos Islands Geography
Total area:
430 km2
Land area:
430 km2
Comparative area:
slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
389 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive fishing zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry
Terrain:
low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Natural resources:
spiny lobster, conch
Land use:
arable land 2%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures; 0%; forest and
woodland 0%; other 98%
Environment:
30 islands (eight inhabited); subject to frequent hurricanes
Note:
located 190 km north of the Dominican Republic in the North Atlantic Ocean