*Taiwan, Economy
Economic aid:
US, including Ex-Im (FY46-82), $4.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA
and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $500 million
Currency:
1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
New Taiwan dollars per US$1 - 25.125 (1992 est.), 25.748 (1991), 27.108
(1990), 26.407 (1989) 28.589 (1988), 31.845 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
*Taiwan, Communications
Railroads:
about 4,600 km total track with 1,075 km common carrier lines and 3,525 km
industrial lines; common carrier lines consist of the 1.067-meter gauge 708
km West Line and the 367 km East Line; a 98.25 km South Link Line connection
was completed in late 1991; common carrier lines owned by the government and
operated by the Railway Administration under Ministry of Communications;
industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises
Highways:
20,041 km total; 17,095 km bituminous or concrete pavement, 2,371 km crushed
stone or gravel, 575 km graded earth
Pipelines:
petroleum products 615 km, natural gas 97 km
Ports:
Kao-hsiung, Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Su-ao, T'ai-tung
Merchant marine:
223 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,761,609 GRT/9,375,677 DWT; includes
1 passenger-cargo, 43 cargo, 11 refrigerated cargo, 85 container, 19 oil
tanker, 2 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 57 bulk, 1
roll-on/roll-off, 2 combination bulk, 1 chemical tanker
Airports:
total:
40
usable:
38
with permanent-surface runways:
36 with runways over 3,659 m:
3
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
16
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
7
Telecommunications:
best developed system in Asia outside of Japan; 7,800,000 telephones;
extensive microwave radio relay links on east and west coasts; broadcast
stations - 91 AM, 23 FM, 15 TV (13 repeaters); 8,620,000 radios; 6,386,000
TVs (5,680,000 color, 706,000 monochrome); satellite earth stations - 1
Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; submarine cable links to
Japan (Okinawa), the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia,
Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
*Taiwan, Defense Forces
Branches:
General Staff, Ministry of National Defense, Army, Navy (including Marines),
Air Force, Coastal Patrol and Defense Command, Armed Forces Reserve Command,
Military Police Command
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 6,095,857; fit for military service 4,731,172 (1993 est.);
about 184,740 currently reach military age (19) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $10.9 billion, 5.4% of GNP (FY93/94 est.)
*Tajikistan, Geography
Location:
South Asia, between Uzbekistan and China
Map references:
Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard
Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
143,100 km2
land area:
142,700 km2
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Wisconsin
Land boundaries:
total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km,
Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
International disputes:
boundary with China under dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on
northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's support to Islamic
fighters in Tajikistan's civil war
Climate:
midlatitude; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Terrain:
Pamir and Altay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in
north, Kafirnigan and Vakhsh Valleys in south or southwest
Natural resources:
significant hydropower potential, petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal,
lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten
Land use:
arable land:
6%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
23%
forest and woodland:
0%
other:
71%
Irrigated land:
6,940 km2 (1990)
Environment:
NA
Note:
landlocked
*Tajikistan, People
Population:
5,836,140 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.72% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
35.52 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
6.87 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
-1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
63.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
68.5 years
male:
65.66 years
female:
71.48 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
4.7 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Tajik(s)
adjective:
Tajik
Ethnic divisions:
Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration),
other 6.6%
Religions:
Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%
Languages:
Tajik (official)
Literacy:
age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
total population:
100%
male:
100%
female:
99%
Labor force:
1.938 million
by occupation:
agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35%
(1990)