Railroads:
3,940 km 1.000-meter gauge, 99 km double track
Highways:
total:
77,697 km
paved:
35,855 km (including 88 km of expressways)
unpaved:
gravel, other stabilization 14,092 km; earth 27,750 km (1988)
Inland waterways:
3,999 km principal waterways; 3,701 km with navigable depths of 0.9 m
or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by
shallow-draft native craft
Pipelines:
petroleum products 67 km; natural gas 350 km
Ports:
Bangkok, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha
Merchant marine:
198 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 998,372 GRT/1,561,824 DWT, bulk
14, cargo 105, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 2, container 13,
liquefied gas 9, oil tanker 43, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 6,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1
Airports:
total:
105
usable:
96
with permanent-surface runways:
51
with runways over 3,659 m:
1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
14
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
28
Telecommunications:
service to general public inadequate; bulk of service to government
activities provided by multichannel cable and microwave radio relay
network; 739,500 telephones (1987); broadcast stations - over 200 AM,
100 FM, and 11 TV in government-controlled networks; satellite earth
stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT;
domestic satellite system being developed
@Thailand, Defense Forces
Branches:
Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (including Royal Thai Marine Corps),
Royal Thai Air Force, Paramilitary Forces
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 16,982,226; fit for military service 10,312,744; reach
military age (18) annually 599,240 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $3.8 billion, 2.9% of GNP (FY93/94 est.)
@The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Geography
Location:
Balkan State, Southeastern Europe, between Serbia and Montenegro and
Greece
Map references:
Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the
World
Area:
total area:
25,333 sq km
land area:
24,856 sq km
comparative area:
slightly larger than Vermont
Land boundaries:
total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia
and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
International disputes:
Greece claims republic's name implies territorial claims against
Aegean Macedonia
Climate:
hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy
snowfall
Terrain:
mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are
three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line
Natural resources:
chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore,
asbestos, sulphur, timber
Land use:
arable land:
5%
permanent crops:
5%
meadows and pastures:
20%
forest and woodland:
30%
other:
40%
Irrigated land:
NA sq km
Environment:
current issues:
air pollution from metallurgical plants
natural hazards:
high seismic risks
international agreements:
party to - Ozone Layer Protection
Note:
landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central
Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
@The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, People
Population: 2,213,785 (July 1994 est.) Population growth rate: 0.89% (1994 est.) Birth rate: 15.59 births/1,000 population (1994 est.) Death rate: 6.72 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.) Infant mortality rate: 27.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.59 years male: 71.51 years female: 75.85 years (1994 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.98 children born/woman (1994 est.) Nationality: noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian Ethnic divisions: Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4% Religions: Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3% Languages: Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3% Literacy: total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% Labor force: 507,324 by occupation: agriculture 8%, manufacturing and mining 40% (1990)
@The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Government
Names:
conventional long form:
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
conventional short form:
none
local long form:
Republika Makedonija
local short form:
Makedonija
Abbreviation:
F.Y.R.O.M.
Digraph:
MK
Type:
emerging democracy
Capital:
Skopje
Administrative divisions:
34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod,
Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani,
Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid,
Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair,
Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga,
Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica
Independence:
17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday:
NA
Constitution:
adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991
Legal system:
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); election last held 27
January 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected
by the Assembly
head of government:
Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992), Deputy
Prime Ministers Jovan ANDONOV (since NA March 1991), Risto IVANOV
(since NA), and Becir ZUTA (since NA March 1991)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers; elected by the majority vote of all the deputies
in the Sobranje
Legislative branch:
unicameral
Assembly (Sobranje):
elections last held 11 and 25 November and 9 December 1990 (next to be
held November 1994); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats -
(120 total) VMRO-DPMNE 32, SDSM 29, PDPM 23, SRSM 19, SPM 4, DP 4, SJM
2, others 7
Judicial branch:
Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic
Political parties and leaders:
Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist
Party), Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity
(PDPM); National Democratic Party (PDP), Ilijas HALINI, president;
Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia - Liberal Party (SRSM-LP),
Stojan ANDOV, president; Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro
POPOVSKI, president; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization -
Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco
GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan
DURCINOV, president; Democratic Party (DP), Petal GOSEV, president
Other political or pressure groups:
Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK); Democratic Party of Serbs;
Democratic Party of Turks; Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim)
Member of:
CE (guest), CSCE (observer), EBRD, ECE, ICAO, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT
(nonsignatory user), ITU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 9
February 1994
US diplomatic representation:
the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 9
February 1994
Flag:
16-point gold sun (Vergina, Sun) centered on a red field
@The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Economy