Another part of this paragraph speaks of "an unbounded thirst for ridiculous pomp." This, said Mr. G., is mere matter of opinion. Take the member from Vermont to the house of the President, and he may call its furniture and appendages, ridiculous pomp; take a member from a different part of the country, and he may declare every thing decent and plain; but take an overgrown nobleman from Great Britain into the house of the President, and he would set down every thing he saw as mean and selfish.
But, I insist upon it, said Mr. G., that matter of opinion ought not to be subject to cognizance by this law. What, said he, is the nature of the crime now proposed to be punished by the expulsion of the member from Vermont? We are told that he has published and uttered false, seditious, and malicious writings; that though these writings may be only matter of opinion, yet if those opinions are false, they come under this law; and, also, that such writings have a tendency to stir up sedition and insurrection.
Mr. G. would not repeat what had been said as to the unconstitutionality of the law under which the member from Vermont had been convicted; but this alone would be a sufficient reason for him to vote against the present motion. But, supposing the law constitutional, is the crime an infamous one? Certainly not. It is a political crime, and will always be determined according to the situation of the parties at the time. For, said he, we may say as much as we please about the purity of our courts and juries, and of our own purity; decisions upon political questions will always be influenced by party spirit. It is we, said Mr. G., that have introduced this spirit into the courts; and having given them political questions to decide, it need not be expected that courts will be free from party prejudice any more than others. Therefore, the falsehood or maliciousness of a publication will be determined by the political opinion of the jury.
As to the manner in which the trial of the member from Vermont had been conducted, he knew nothing of it. He wished the gentleman from Connecticut, (Mr. Allen,) who, it seems, was present at the trial, would inform the House what proof was adduced to the court to show that the letter of Mr. Lyon was published by him after the sedition law passed. The letter is dated the 20th of June, the law was passed on the 6th of July, and the letter was published in Vermont on the 30th of July. He should be glad to know whether any evidence was adduced to show that Mr. Lyon did any thing relative to that publication, after writing the letter from Philadelphia on the 20th of June? If not, it will appear strange, indeed, that he should have been punished for an act done prior to the passage of the law under which he was convicted.
As to the manner in which the jury had been summoned, he supposed it had been done in the usual way. Without saying, however, that the jury was packed, which he did not believe, yet, if the towns out of which the jury was selected, were the towns which had never given Mr. Lyon but one or two votes at his election, it necessarily results that the jury were his political enemies; and being called upon to try him for a political offence, they would, of course, convict him.
Mr. G. said, the lateness of the hour would prevent him from detaining the House longer. He would only observe that, considering that the member from Vermont had been tried for a political offence, by a jury opposed to him in opinion, and upon a law passed on political ground at the last session; that he had been punished by an imprisonment of four months, and by a fine of one thousand dollars; that he had been deprived of his seat in the Legislature for three months: he thought it would have been better not to have proposed this resolution.
If this resolution should be adopted, it would follow, Mr. G. said, that every member who shall write any thing which is contrary to the opinion of a majority of this House, whether what he writes be founded in truth or not, will be liable to be expelled, in order to purify the House. Mr. G. thought persecution had followed the member from Vermont long enough. Every candid man must acknowledge that, if he has committed an offence, he has already been sufficiently punished by fine and imprisonment; to expel him from his seat, would carry with it an idea of persecution to the public, and to his constituents, that they would not be permitted to have a representative on this floor. He knew the circumstance of the member from Vermont's having been re-elected could not be introduced as an argument in his favor, but it might serve to show that what he had suffered for was no offence in the eyes of his constituents.
The question was put; when there appeared 49 yeas and 45 nays, as follows:
Yeas.—John Allen, Bailey Bartlett, James A. Bayard, Jonathan Brace, David Brooks, Christopher G. Champlin, John Chapman, James Cochran, William Craik, Samuel W. Dana, John Dennis, William Edmond, Thomas Evans, Abiel Foster, Dwight Foster, Jonathan Freeman, Henry Glenn, Chauncey Goodrich, William Gordon, Roger Griswold, William B. Grove, Robert Goodloe Harper, Thomas Hartley, William Hindman, Hezekiah L. Hosmer, James H. Imlay, John Wilkes Kittera, Samuel Lyman, James Machir, William Matthews, Lewis R. Morris, Harrison G. Otis, Isaac Parker, Josiah Parker, Thomas Pinckney, John Rutledge, jr., James Schureman, Samuel Sewall, William Shepard, Thomas Sinnickson, Nathaniel Smith, Peleg Sprague, George Thatcher, Richard Thomas, Mark Thompson, Thomas Tillinghast, John E. Van Allen, Robert Waln, and John Williams.
Nays.—George Baer, jr., Abraham Baldwin, David Bard, Robert Brown, Samuel J. Cabell, Thomas Claiborne, William Charles Cole Claiborne, Matthew Clay, John Clopton, Thomas T. Davis, John Dawson, George Dent, Joseph Eggleston, Lucas Elmendorph, William Findlay, John Fowler, Nathaniel Freeman, jr., Albert Gallatin, James Gillespie, Andrew Gregg, John A. Hanna, Carter B. Harrison, Jonathan N. Havens, Joseph Heister, David Holmes, Walter Jones, Edward Livingston, Matthew Locke, Nathaniel Macon, Blair McClenachan, Joseph McDowell, Anthony New, John Nicholas, Thompson J. Skinner, Samuel Smith, William Smith, Richard Sprigg, Richard Stanford, Thomas Sumter, Abram Trigg, John Trigg, Philip Van Cortlandt, Joseph B. Varnum, Abraham Venable, and Robert Williams.