[49]. Victorian Commissioners v. Coultas, 13 App. Cas. 222; Haile v. Tex. Co., 60 Fed. 557; St. Louis Co. v. Bragg, 69 Ark. 402; Braun v. Craven, 175 Ill. 401 (semble); Kansas Co. v. Dalton, 65 Kan. 661; Morse v. Chesapeake Co., 117 Ky. 11; Reed v. Ford, 129 Ky. 471; White v. Sander, 168 Mass. 296; Smith v. Postal Co., 174 Mass. 576; Homans v. Boston Co., 180 Mass. 456 (semble); Cameron v. N. E. Co., 182 Mass. 310 (semble); Nelson v. Crawford, 122 Mich. 466; Crutcher v. Cleveland Co., 132 Mo. App. 311; Deming v. Chicago Co., 80 Mo. App. 152; Rawlings v. Wabash Co., 97 Mo. App. 515; Ward v. West Co., 65 N. J. Law, 383; Porter v. Del. Co., 73 N. J. Law, 405 (semble); Mitchell v. Rochester Co., 151 N. Y. 107; Newton v. N. Y. Co., 106 App. Div. 415 (semble); Prince v. Ridge, 32 Misc. 666, 667 (semble); Hutchinson v. Stern, 115 App. Div. 791; Miller v. Belt Co., 78 Ohio St. 309; Ewing v. Pittsburgh Co., 147 Pa. St. 40; Linn v. Duquesne Co., 204 Pa. St. 551; Huston v. Freemansburg, 212 Pa. St. 548; Hess v. American Pipe Co., 221 Pa. St. 67; Morris v. Lackawana R. Co., 228 Pa. St. 198; Taylor v. Atlantic Co., 78 S. C. 552; Ford v. Schliessman, 107 Wis. 479, 483 (semble) Accord.

The damages for an admitted tort to the person may be enhanced by proof of nervous shock caused by fright induced by the defendant’s misconduct. Eagan v. Middlesex R. Co., 212 Fed. 562, 214 Fed. 747; Birmingham Co. v. Martini, 2 Ala. App. 653; Melone v. Sierra Co., 151 Cal. 113; Seger v. Barkhamsted, 22 Conn. 290; Masters v. Warren, 27 Conn. 293; Garvey v. Metropolitan R. Co., 155 Ill. App. 601; Pittsburgh Co. v. Sponier, 85 Ind. 165; McClintic v. Eckman, 153 Ky. 704; Newport Co. v. Gholson, 10 Ky. L. Rep. 938; City Co. v. Robinson, 12 Ky. L. Rep. 555; Green v. Shoemaker, 111 Md. 69; Warren v. Boston Co., 163 Mass. 484; Homans v. Boston Co., 180 Mass. 456; Cameron v. N. E. Co., 182 Mass. 310; Driscoll v. Gaffey, 207 Mass. 102; Conley v. United Drug Co., 218 Mass. 238; Smith v. St. Paul Co., 30 Minn. 169; Hollingshed v. Yazoo R. Co., 99 Miss. 464; Butts v. Nat. Bank, 99 Mo. App. 168; Breen v. St. Louis Co., 102 Mo. App. 479; Heiberger v. Missouri Tel. Co., 133 Mo. App. 452; Lowe v. Metropolitan R. Co., 145 Mo. App. 248; Buchanan v. West Co., 52 N. J. Law, 265; Consol. Co. v. Lambertson, 59 N. J. Law, 297; Stokes v. Schlacter, 66 N. J. Law, 334; Porter v. Del. Co., 73 N. J. Law, 405; Kennell v. Gershonovitz, 84 N. J. Law, 577; O’Flaherty v. Nassau Co., 34 App. Div. 74 (affirmed 165 N. Y. 624); Cohn v. Ansonia Co., 162 App. Div. 791; Pa. Co. v. Graham, 63 Pa. St. 290; Scott v. Montgomery, 95 Pa. St. 444; Ewing v. Pittsburgh Co., 147 Pa. St. 40 (semble); Linn v. Duquesne Co., 204 Pa. St. 551 (semble); Samarra v. Allegheny R. Co., 238 Pa. St. 469; Folk v. Seaboard Co., 99 S. C. 284; Godeau v. Blood, 52 Vt. 251; Nordgren v. Lawrence, 74 Wash. 305; Shutz v. Chicago Co., 73 Wis. 147; and even though the admitted tort is only an assault as distinguished from a battery. Kline v. Kline, 158 Ind. 602; Williams v. Underhill, 63 App. Div. 223; Leach v. Leach, 11 Tex. Civ. App. 699. It must be shown that there was causal connection between the fright and the shock. Hack v. Dady, 142 App. Div. 510.

In Homans v. Boston Co., supra, the court said, through Holmes, C. J.: “As has been explained repeatedly, it is an arbitrary exception, based upon a notion of what is practicable, that prevents a recovery for visible illness resulting from nervous shock alone. Spade v. Lynn Co.; Smith v. Postal Co., 174 Mass. 576. But when there has been a battery and the nervous shock results from the same wrongful management as the battery, it is at least equally impracticable to go further and to inquire whether the shock comes through the battery or along with it. Even were it otherwise, recognizing as we must the logic in favor of the plaintiff when a remedy is denied because the only immediate wrong was a shock to the nerves, we think that when the reality of the cause is guaranteed by proof of a substantial battery of the person there is no occasion to press further the exception to general rules.” See also Spade v. Lynn Co., 172 Mass. 690, per Holmes, C. J.

Liability for frightening an Animal to Death. The doctrine of the principal case was carried so far in Lee v. Burlington, 113 Ia., 356, that no recovery was allowed for the death of a horse from fright caused by the careless conduct of the defendant. But the opposite view prevailed in Louisville R. Co. v. Melton, 158 Ala. 509, and Conklin v. Thompson, 29 Barb. 218.

[50]. Portions of the statement of facts have been omitted.

[51]. See to the same effect Phillips v. Dickerson, 85 Ill. 11; Cleveland Co. v. Stewart, 24 Ind. App. 374; Gaskins v. Runkle, 25 Ind. App. 584; Mahoney v. Dankwart, 108 Ia. 321; McGee v. Vanover, 148 Ky. 737; Chesapeake R. Co. v. Robinett, 151 Ky. 778; Sperier v. Ott, 116 La. 1087; Renner v. Canfield, 36 Minn. 90; Bucknam v. Great Northern R. Co., 76 Minn. 373; Sanderson v. Great Northern R. Co., 88 Minn. 162; Hutchinson v. Stern, 115 App. Div. 791; Gosa v. Southern Ry., 67 S. C. 347; Gulf R. Co. v. Overton, 101 Tex. 583 (but compare Gulf R. Co. v. Coopwood, 16 Tex. Ct. Rep. 354); Taylor v. Spokane R. Co., 72 Wash. 378, rev’g 67 Wash. 96.

[52]. Pullman Co. v. Lutz, 154 Ala. 517; Spearman v. McCrary, 4 Ala. App. 473; Sloane v. So. Co., 111 Cal. 668; Watson v. Dilts, 116 Ia. 249; Cowan v. Tel. Co., 122 Ia. 379, 382 (semble); Purcell v. St. Paul Co., 48 Minn. 134, 138; Lesch v. Great Northern R. Co., 97 Minn. 503; Watkins v. Kaolin Co., 131 N. C. 536; Taber v. Seaboard Co., 81 S. C. 317; Simone v. R. I. Co., 28 R. I. 186; Mack v. South Co., 52 S. C. 323; Hill v. Kimball, 76 Tex. 210; Gulf Co. v. Hayter, 93 Tex. 239; Yoakum v. Kroeger, (Tex. Civ. App.) 27 S. W. 953; St. Louis Co. v. Murdock, 54 Tex. Civ. App. 249; Pankopf v. Hinkley, 141 Wis. 146; Fitzpatrick v. Gr. W. Co., 12 Up. Can. Q. B. 645; Bell v. Great Northern R. Co., 26 L. R. Ir. 428; Cooper v. Caledonia Co. (Court of Sess., June 14, 1902), 4. F. 880 Accord.

See Bohlen, Right to Recover for Injury Resulting from Negligence without Impact, 41 Am. L. Reg. & Rev. 141.

Mental Anguish caused by Negligence in Transmission of Telegrams. In a few states the addressee is allowed to recover damages for mental anguish resulting from the negligent failure of a telegraph company to make seasonable delivery of a message. Mentzer v. Western Co., 93 Ia. 752; Cowan v. Western Co., 122 Ia. 379; Hurlburt v. Western Co., 123 Ia. 295; Chapman v. Western Co., 90 Ky. 265; Western Co. v. Van Cleave, 107 Ky. 464; Western Co. v. Fisher, 107 Ky. 513; Graham v. Western Co., 109 La. 1069; Barnes v. Western Co., 27 Nev. 438 (semble); Thompson v. Western Co., 106 N. C. 549; Young v. Western Co., 107 N. C. 370; Bryan v. Western Co., 133 N. C. 603; Woods v. Western Co., 148 N. C. 1; Hellams v. Western Co., 70 S. C. 83 (statutory); Capers v. Western Co., 71 S. C. 29; Wadsworth v. Western Co., 86 Tenn. 695; Railroad v. Griffin, 92 Tenn. 694; So Relle v. Western Co., 55 Tex. 308; Stuart v. Western Co., 66 Tex. 580; Western Co. v. Beringer, 84 Tex. 38.

But the weight of authority is against such recovery. Chase v. Western Co., 44 Fed. 554; Crawson v. Western Co., 47 Fed. 544; Tyler v. Western Co., 54 Fed. 634; Western Co. v. Wood, 57 Fed. 471; Gahan v. Western Co., 59 Fed. 433; Stansell v. Western Co., 107 Fed. 668; Western Co. v. Sklar, 126 Fed. 295; Rowan v. Western Co., 149 Fed. 550; Blount v. Western Co., 126 Ala. 105; Western Co. v. Krichbaum, 132 Ala. 535; Western Co. v. Blocker, 138 Ala. 484; Western Co. v. Waters, 139 Ala. 652; Peay v. Western Co., 64 Ark. 538 (but changed by statute, Western Co. v. McMullin, 98 Ark. 346); Russell v. Western Co., 3 Dak. 315; Internat. Co. v. Saunders, 32 Fla. 434; Chapman v. Western Co., 88 Ga. 763; Giddens v. Western Co., 111 Ga. 824; Western Co. v. Haltom, 71 Ill. App. 63; Western Co. v. Ferguson, 157 Ind. 64 (overruling Reese v. Western Co., 123 Ind. 294); West v. Western Co., 39 Kan. 93 (semble); Cole v. Gray, 70 Kan. 705; Francis v. Western Co., 58 Minn. 252; Western Co. v. Rogers, 68 Miss. 748; Duncan v. Western Co., 93 Miss. 500; Connell v. Western Co., 116 Mo. 34; Newman v. Western Co., 54 Mo. App. 434; Curtin v. Western Co., 13 App. Div. 253; Morton v. Western Co., 53 Ohio St. 431; Butner v. Western Co., 2 Okl. 234; Western Co. v. Chouteau, 28 Okl. 664; Lewis v. Western Co., 57 S. C. 325 (law changed by statute in 1900, Capers v. Western Co., 71 S. C. 29); Connelly v. Western Co., 100 Va. 51; Corcoran v. Postal Co., 80 Wash. 570; Davis v. Western Co., 46 W. Va. 48; Summerfield v. Western Co., 87 Wis. 1; Koerber v. Patek, 123 Wis. 453, 464 (semble).