[298]. Herndon v. Stultz, 124 Ia. 734 Accord. But see Indiana, Burns’ Ann. Stat., 1914, §§ 5524–5525; Texas, McEachin’s Civil Stat., arts. 6601–6602.
As to constitutionality of such legislation, see Ex parte Hodges, 87 Cal. 162.
[299]. Argument omitted.
[300]. Edwards v. Massingill, 3 Ala. App. 406; Kansas City R. Co. v. Wilson, (Ark.) 171 S. W. 484; Bullock v. Porter, 2 Boyce, 180; Talmadge v. Central R. Co., 125 Ga. 400; Beckham v. Seaboard Ry., 127 Ga. 550; Pittsburgh R. Co. v. Culver, 60 Ind. 469; Brummit v. Furness, 1 Ind. App. 401; Hanlon v. Ingram, 3 Ia. 81; Johnson v. Veneman, 75 Kan. 278; Needham v. King, 95 Mich. 303; Bolton v. Calkins, 102 Mich. 69; Steffens v. Fisher, 161 Mo. App. 386; Bock v. Grooms, 2 Neb. Unoff. 803; Read v. Pennsylvania R. Co., 44 N. J. Law, 280; Clark v. Foot, 8 Johns. 421; Stuart v. Hawley, 22 Barb. 619; Hitchcock v. Riley, 44 Misc. 260; McDermott v. Consolidated Ice Co., 44 Pa. Super. Ct. 445; Pfeiffer v. Aue, 53 Tex. Civ. App. 98; Waldy v. Preston Mill Co., 80 Wash. 25; Fahn v. Reichart, 8 Wis. 255 Accord.
Fires set by locomotives. As to liability for fires set by locomotives, there is a conflict. One view is that the plaintiff must establish negligence, as in other cases. Garrett v. Southern R. Co., (C. C. A.) 101 Fed. 102; Pittsburgh R. Co. v. Hixon, 110 Ind. 225 (changed by statute); Louisville R. Co. v. Haggard, 161 Ky. 317; Wallace v. New York R. Co., 208 Mass. 16 (res ipsa loquitur inapplicable); New England Box Co. v. New York R. Co., 210 Mass. 465; Fero v. Buffalo R. Co., 22 N. Y. 209; Peck v. New York R. Co., 165 N. Y. 347; Campbell v. Baltimore R. Co., 58 Pa. Super. Ct. 241.
Another view is that proof that the fire was due to sparks or coals from an engine makes a prima facie case of negligence or even casts upon the company the burden of disproving negligence. McCullen v. Chicago R. Co., (C. C. A.) 101 Fed. 66; Woodward v. Chicago R. Co., (C. C. A.) 145 Fed. 577 (statute); Erickson v. Pennsylvania R. Co., (C. C. A.) 170 Fed. 572 (statute); Alabama R. Co. v. Johnston, 128 Ala. 283; St. Louis R. Co. v. Trotter, 89 Ark. 273 (changed by statute); Florida R. Co. v. Welch, 53 Fla. 145 (statute); Southern R. Co. v. Thompson, 129 Ga. 367 (statute); Osburn v. Oregon R. Co., 15 Idaho, 478; American Strawboard Co. v. Chicago R. Co., 177 Ill. 513; Kennedy v. Iowa Ins. Co., 119 Ia. 29 (statute); Atchison R. Co. v. Geiser, 68 Kan. 281; Fuller v. Chicago R. Co., 137 La. 997; Dyer v. Maine R. Co., 99 Me. 195; Baltimore R. Co. v. Dorsey, 37 Md. 19; Continental Ins. Co. v. Chicago R. Co., 97 Minn. 467; Alabama R. Co. v. Barrett, 78 Miss. 432; Miller v. St. Louis R. Co., 90 Mo. 389; Rogers v. Kansas City R. Co., 52 Neb. 86; Laird v. Connecticut R. Co., 62 N. H. 254 (statute); Goodman v. Lehigh R. Co., 78 N. J. Law, 317 (statute); North Fork Lumber Co. v. Southern R. Co., 143 N. C. 324; Missouri R. Co. v. Gentry, 31 Okl. 579 (but changed by statute); Anderson v. Oregon R. Co., 45 Or. 211; Hutto v. Seaboard Ry., 81 S. C. 567; Gulf R. Co. v. Johnson, 92 Tex. 591; Ide v. Boston R. Co., 83 Vt. 66 (statute); Norfolk R. Co. v. Thomas, 110 Va. 622; Thorgrimson v. Northern R. Co., 64 Wash. 500; Jacobs v. Baltimore R. Co., 68 W. Va. 618; Moore v. Chicago R. Co., 78 Wis. 120.
In other jurisdictions there is a statutory absolute liability for such fires. St. Louis R. Co. v. Cooper, 120 Ark. 595; British Assur. Co. v. Colorado R. Co., 52 Col. 589; Martin v. New York R. Co., 62 Conn. 331; Pittsburgh R. Co. v. Chappell, 183 Ind. 141; Stewart v. Iowa R. Co., 136 Ia. 182; Murphy v. St. Louis R. Co., 248 Mo. 28; Baltimore R. Co. v. Kreager, 61 Ohio St. 312; Midland R. Co. v. Lynn, 38 Okl. 695; MacDonald v. New York R. Co., 23 R. I. 558; Peoples Oil Co. v. Charleston R. Co., 83 S. C. 530; Jensen v. South Dakota R. Co., 25 S. D. 506.
[301]. State v. General Stevedoring Co., 213 Fed. 51; Kinney v. Koopman, 116 Ala. 310; Kleebauer v. Western Fuse Co., 138 Cal. 497; Simpson v. Du Pont Powder Co., 143 Ga. 465; Barnes v. Zettlemoyer, 25 Tex. Civ. App. 468 Accord.
French v. Center Creek Powder Co., 173 Mo. App. 220 Contra.
Compare Sloss-Sheffield Steel Co. v. Prosch, 190 Ala. 290; Flynn v. Butler, 189 Mass. 377; Reilly v. Erie R. Co., 72 App. Div. 476.