Withholding facts from or unfairstatement to counsel. Fowlkes v. Lewis, 10 Ala. App. 543; Rothschach v. Diven, 97 Kan. 38; Indianapolis Traction Co. v. Henby, 178 Ind. 239; Lammers v. Mason, 123 Minn. 204; Bowers v. Walker, 192 Mo. App. 230; Lathrop v. Mathers, 143 App. Div. 376; Baer v. Chambers, 67 Wash. 357; Rogers v. Van Eps, 143 Wis. 396; Boyer v. Bugher, 19 Wyo. 463.

Must state facts which might have been ascertained with reasonable diligence. Weddington v. White, 148 Ky. 671; Virtue v. Creamery Mfg. Co., 123 Minn. 17; Duffy v. Scheerger, 91 Neb. 511. Contra—enough to make full and fair disclosure of known facts, Roby v. Smith, 40 Okl. 280.

[389]. The statement of facts is taken from 3 L. J. K. B. N. S. 35. The arguments of counsel and the concurring opinions of Patteson and Taunton, JJ., are omitted.

[390]. Willans v. Taylor, 6 Bing. 183; Busst v. Gibbons, 30 L. J. Ex. N. S. 75; Brown v. Hawkes, [1891] 2 Q. B. 718; Stewart v. Sonneborn, 98 U. S. 187; Brown v. Selfridge, 224 U. S. 189; Sanders v. Palmer, 55 Fed. 217; Staunton v. Goshorn, 94 Fed. 52; Gulsby v. Louisville R. Co., 167 Ala. 122; Louisville R. Co. v. Stephenson, 6 Ala. App. 578; Ball v. Rawles, 93 Cal. 222; Johnson v. Southern R. Co., 157 Cal. 333; Smith v. King, 62 Conn. 515; Carroll v. Perry, 43 App. D. C. 363; Boyd v. Mendenhall, 53 Minn. 274; Helwig v. Beckner, 149 Ind. 131; Indianapolis Traction Co. v. Henby, 178 Ind. 239; Lawrence v. Leathers, 31 Ind. App. 414; Henderson v. McGruder, 49 Ind. App. 682; Atchison Co. v. Allen, 70 Kan. 743; Michael v. Matson, 81 Kan. 360; Metrop. Co. v. Miller, 114 Ky. 754; Moser v. Fable, 164 Ky. 517; Medcalfe v. Brooklyn Co., 45 Md. 198; Thelin v. Dorsey, 59 Md. 539; Campbell v. Baltimore R. Co., 97 Md. 341; Bishop v. Frantz, 125 Md. 183; Good v. French, 115 Mass. 201; Bartlett v. Hawley, 38 Minn. 308; Shafer v. Hertzig, 92 Minn. 171; Williams v. Pullman Co., 129 Minn. 97; Harris v. Quincy R. Co., 172 Mo. App. 261; McNulty v. Walker, 64 Miss. 198; Cohn v. Saidel, 71 N. H. 558; Magowan v. Rickey, 64 N. J. Law, 402; Hartdorn v. Webb Mfg. Co., (N. J.) 75 Atl. 893; Heyne v. Blair, 62 N. Y. 19; Fagnan v. Knox, 66 N. Y. 525; Anderson v. How, 116 N. Y. 336; L. I. Union v. Seitz, 180 N. Y. 243; Viele v. Gray, 10 Abb. Pr. 1; McCarthy v. Barrett, 144 App. Div. 727; Galley v. Brennan, 156 App. Div. 443; Stanford v. Grocery Co., 143 N. C. 419; Humphries v. Edwards, 164 N. C. 154; Dunnington v. Loeser, (Okl.) 149 Pac. 1161; Leahey v. March, 155 Pa. St. 458; Roessing v. Pittsburgh R. Co., 226 Pa. St. 523; McCoy v. Kalbach, 242 Pa. St. 123; Cooper v. Flemming, 114 Tenn. 40; Landa v. Obert, 45 Tex. 539; Finigan v. Sullivan, 65 Wash. 625; Bailey v. Gollehon, 76 W. Va. 322 Accord. But see Wilson v. Thurlow, 156 Ia. 656; Griffin v. Dearborn, 210 Mass. 308.

[391]. Abrath v. North Eastern Co., 11 Q. B. Div. 440, 448, 455; Wiggin v. Coffin, 3 Story, 1; Johnson v. Ebberts, 11 Fed. 129, 6 Sawy. 538, S. C.; Brewer v. Jacobs, 22 Fed. 217; Gulsby v. Louisville R. Co., 167 Ala. 122; Hammond v. Rowley, 86 Conn. 6; Coleman v. Allen, 79 Ga. 637; South Western Co. v. Mitchell, 80 Ga. 438; Stewart v. Mulligan, 11 Ga. App. 660; McElroy v. Catholic Press Co., 254 Ill. 290; White v. International Text Book Co., 156 Ia. 210; Foltz v. Buck, 89 Kan. 381; Metrop. Co. v. Miller, 114 Ky. 754; Pullen v. Glidden, 66 Me. 202; Wills v. Noyes, 12 Pick. 324; Mitchell v. Wall, 111 Mass. 492; Ross v. Langworthy, 13 Neb. 492; Callahan v. Kelso, 170 Mo. App. 338; Gee v. Culver, 13 Or. 598; Squires v. Job, 50 Pa. Super. Ct. 289; Culberston v. Cabeen, 29 Tex. 247, 256; Sebastian v. Cheney, (Texas) 24 S. W. 970; Barron v. Mason, 31 Vt. 189, 198; Forbes v. Hagman, 75 Va. 168; Spear v. Hiles, 67 Wis. 350; Boyer v. Bugher, 19 Wyo. 463 Accord.

In Abrath v. North Eastern Co., supra, malice was defined by Brett, M. R., p. 448, as “a malicious intention in the mind of the defendant, that is, not with the mere intention of carrying the law into effect,” and by Bowen, L. J., as “a malicious spirit, that is, an indirect and improper motive, and not in furtherance of justice.” See also especially Pullen v. Glidden, and Johnson v. Ebberts, cited supra in this note; Magowan v. Rickey, 64 N. J. Law, 402; Peterson v. Reisdorph, 49 Neb. 529; Nobb v. White, 103 Ia. 352; Brooks v. Bradford, 4 Col. App. 410; Jackson v. Bell, 5 S. D. 257.

Definitions of “malice” in this connection, see Fowlkes v. Lewis, 10 Ala. App. 543; Redgate v. Southern R. Co., 24 Cal. App. 573; Cincinnati R. Co. v. Cecil, 164 Ky. 377; Lammers v. Mason, 123 Minn. 204; Downing v. Stone, 152 N. C. 525; Wright v. Harris, 160 N. C. 542.

[392]. Farmer v. Darling, 4 Burr. 1971; Busst v. Gibbons, 30 L. J. Ex. N. S. 75; Coulter v. Dublin Co., 60 L. T. 180; Hicks v. Faulkner, 46 L. T. Rep. 127 (affirming S. C. 8 Q. B. D. 167); Wheeler v. Nesbitt, 24 How. 544; Stewart v. Sonneborn, 98 U. S. 191; Wiggin v. Coffin, 3 Story, 1; Burnap v. Albert, Taney, 244; Benson v. McCoy, 36 Ala. 710; Lunsford v. Dietrich, 93 Ala. 565; Bozeman v. Shaw, 37 Ark. 160; Levy v. Brannan, 39 Cal. 485; Harkrader v. Moore, 44 Cal. 144; Porter v. White, 5 Mackey, 180; Harpham v. Whitney, 77 Ill. 32; Krug v. Ward, 77 Ill. 603; Boyd v. Mendenhall, 53 Minn. 274; Frankfurter v. Bryan, 12 Ill. App. 549; Gardiner v. Mays, 24 Ill. App. 286; Newell v. Downs, 8 Blackf. 523; Oliver v. Pate, 43 Ind. 132; Ritchey v. Davis, 11 Ia. 124; Atchison Co. v. Watson, 37 Kan. 773; Gourgues v. Howard, 27 La. Ann. 339; Humphries v. Parker, 52 Me. 502; Medcalfe v. Brooklyn Co., 45 Md. 198; Mitchell v. Wall, 111 Mass. 492; Bartlett v. Hawley, 38 Minn. 308; Greenwade v. Mills, 31 Miss. 464; Sharpe v. Johnston, 59 Mo. 557; Finley v. St. Louis Co., 99 Mo. 559; March v. Vandiver, 181 Mo. App. 281; McKown v. Hunter, 30 N. Y. 625; Farnam v. Feeley, 56 N. Y. 451; Heyne v. Blair, 62 N. Y. 19; Thompson v. Lumley, 50 How. Pr. 105; Voorhes v. Leonard, 1 Th. & C. 148; Johnson v. Chambers, 10 Ired. 287; Gee v. Culver, 12 Or. 228, 13 Or. 598; Schofield v. Ferrers, 47 Pa. St. 194; Dietz v. Langfitt, 63 Pa. St. 234; Gilliford v. Windel, 108 Pa. St. 142; Bell v. Graham, 1 N. & M’C. 278; Campbell v. O’Bryan, 9 Rich. 204; Willis v. Knox, 5 S. C. 474; Caldwell v. Bennett, 22 S. C. 1; Evans v. Thompson, 12 Heisk. 534; Stansell v. Cleveland, 64 Tex. 660; Shannon v. Jones, 76 Tex. 141; Barron v. Mason, 31 Vt. 189; Carleton v. Taylor, 50 Vt. 220; Scott v. Shelor, 28 Grat. 891; Forbes v. Hagman, 75 Va. 168 Accord.

But see, contra, Wilson v. Bowen, 64 Mich. 133.

[393]. The statement of facts and the argument for the defendant are abridged; the concurring opinions of Coleridge, Wightman, and Erie, JJ., are omitted.