Finding of indictment.—The finding of an indictment is prima facie evidence of probable cause. Garrard v. Willet, 4 J. J. Marsh. 628; Sharpe v. Johnston, 76 Mo. 660; Peck v. Chouteau, 91 Mo. 138; Wilkerson v. McGhee, 153 Mo. App. 343, 163 Mo. App. 356.

Failure of the prosecution.—The failure of the original prosecution is in some jurisdictions regarded as prima facie evidence of want of probable cause. Miller v. Chicago R. Co., 41 Fed. 898; Hanchey v. Brunson, 175 Ala. 236; Tucker v. Bartlett, 97 Kan. 163; Straus v. Young, 36 Md. 246; Whitfield v. Westbrook, 40 Miss. 311; Bostick v. Rutherford, 4 Hawks, 83; Downing v. Stone, 152 N. C. 525; Barhigh v. Tammany, 158 Pa. St. 545; McKenzie v. Canning, 42 Utah, 529 (but compare Smith v. Clark, 37 Utah, 116); Jones v. Finch, 84 Va. 204; Waring v. Hudspeth, 75 Wash. 534; Saunders v. First Nat. Bank, 85 Wash. 125; Brady v. Stiltner, 40 W. Va. 289; Fetty v. Huntington Loan Co., 70 W. Va. 688; Winn v. Peckham, 42 Wis. 493; Lawrence v. Cleary, 88 Wis. 473; Manz v. Klippel, 158 Wis. 557. In others there is no such presumption. Incledon v. Berry, 1 Camp. 203 n; Stewart v. Sonneborn, 98 U. S. 187, 195; Thompson v. Beacon Co., 56 Conn. 493; Plummer v. Collins, 1 Boyce, 281; Skidmore v. Bricker, 77 Ill. 164; Bitting v. Ten Eyck, 82 Ind. 421; Prine v. Singer Machine Co., 176 Mich. 300; Williams v. Vanmeter, 8 Mo. 339; Boeger v. Langenberg, 97 Mo. 390; Eckerle v. Higgins, 159 Mo. App. 177 (distinguishing nol. pros. and discharge on preliminary examination—see also Smith v. Glynn, (Mo.) 144 S. W. 149); Harris v. Quincy R. Co., 172 Mo. App. 261; Scott v. Simpson, 1 Sandf. 601; Central Light Co. v. Tyron, 42 Okl. 86; Eastman v. Monastes, 32 Or. 291; Bekkeland v. Lyons, 96 Tex. 255; McIntosh v. Wales, 21 Wyo. 397. See also Grorud v. Lossl, 48 Mont. 274.

Order vacating attachment as prima facie evidence of want of probable cause in action for malicious attachment, see Petruschke v. Kamerer, 131 Minn. 320.

[386]. The statement of the evidence, the argument for the defendant, and the concurring opinion of Holroyd, J., are omitted.

[387]. Snow v. Allen, 1 Stark. 502; Abrath v. North Eastern Co., 11 Q. B. Div. 440, 11 App. Cas. 247; Scougall v. Stapleton, 12 Ont. 206; Stewart v. Sonneborn, 98 U. S. 187; Blunt v. Little, 3 Mason, 102; Cuthbert v. Galloway, 35 Fed. 466 (semble); Miller v. Chicago Co., 41 Fed. 898; Coggswell v. Bohn, 43 Fed. 411; Staunton v. Goshorn, 94 Fed. 52; McLeod v. McLeod, 73 Ala. 42; Jordan v. Alabama Co., 81 Ala. 220; Lemay v. Williams, 32 Ark. 166; Bliss v. Wyman, 7 Cal. 257; Jones v. Jones, 71 Cal. 89; Brooks v. Bradford, 4 Col. App. 410; Mark v. Rich, 43 App. D. C. 182; Joiner v. Ocean Co., 86 Ga. 238; Baker v. Langley, 3 Ga. App. 751; Ross v. Innis, 26 Ill. 259; Ames v. Snider, 69 Ill. 376; Barrett v. Spaids, 70 Ill. 408; Brown v. Smith, 83 Ill. 291; Roy v. Goings, 112 Ill. 656; Aldridge v. Churchill, 28 Ind. 62; Paddock v. Watts, 116 Ind. 146; Adams v. Bicknell, 126 Ind. 210; Mesher v. Iddings, 72 Ia. 553; Schippel v. Norton, 38 Kan. 567; Dyer v. Singer Machine Co., 164 Ky. 538; Carrigan v. Graham, 166 Ky. 333; Stevens v. Fassett, 27 Me. 266; Soule v. Winslow, 66 Me. 447; Cooper v. Utterbach, 37 Md. 282; Hyde v. Greuch, 62 Md. 577; Torsch v. Dell, 88 Md. 459; Stone v. Swift, 4 Pick. 389; Monaghan v. Cox, 155 Mass. 487; Stanton v. Hart, 27 Mich. 539; Perry v. Sulier, 92 Mich. 72; Moore v. Northern Co., 37 Minn. 147; Boyd v. Mendenhall, 53 Minn. 274; Alexander v. Harrison, 38 Mo. 258; Burris v. North, 64 Mo. 426; Whitfield v. Westbrook, 40 Miss. 311; Grorud v. Lossl, 48 Mont. 274; Jonasen v. Kennedy, 39 Neb. 313; Magowan v. Rickey, 64 N. J. Law, 402; Hall v. Suydam, 6 Barb. 83; Richardson v. Virtue, 2 Hun, 208; Turner v. Dinnegar, 20 Hun, 465; Beal v. Robeson, 8 Ired. 276; Ash v. Marlow, 20 Ohio, 119; El Reno Gas Co. v. Spurgeon, 30 Okl. 88; Sims v. Jay, 53 Okl. 183; Walter v. Sample, 25 Pa. St. 275; Smith v. Walter, 125 Pa. St. 453; Bartlett v. Brown, 6 R. I. 37; Jackson v. Bell, 5 S. D. 257; Kendrick v. Cypert, 10 Humph. 291; St. Johnsbury Co. v. Hunt, 59 Vt. 294; Forbes v. Hagman, 75 Va. 168; Saunders v. Baldwin, 112 Va. 431; Hightower v. Union Trust Co., 88 Wash. 179; Sutton v. McConnell, 46 Wis. 269; Manz v. Klippel, 158 Wis. 557 Accord.

But see Brewer v. Jacobs, 22 Fed. 217; Stewart v. Mulligan, 11 Ga. App. 660; Smith v. Glynn, (Mo.) 144 S. W. 149; Downing v. Stone, 152 N. C. 525; Ramsey v. Arrott, 64 Tex. 320; Glasgow v. Owen, 69 Tex. 167; Shannon v. Jones, 76 Tex. 141; Tiedeman’s Note, 21 Am. L. Reg. N. S. 582.

The advice must be that of a lawyer, and not a layman. Murphy v. Larson, 77 Ill. 172; McCullough v. Rice, 59 Ind. 580; Olmstead v. Partridge, 16 Gray, 381; Beal v. Robeson, 8 Ired. 276. Even though the layman be a justice of the peace. Stephens v. Gravit, 136 Ky. 479; Coleman v. Heurich, 2 Mack. 189; Straus v. Young, 36 Md. 246; Monaghan v. Cox, 155 Mass. 487 (semble); Gee v. Culver, 12 Or. 228; Brobst v. Ruff, 100 Pa. St. 91; Sutton v. McConnell, 46 Wis. 269. But see Ball v. Rawles, 93 Cal. 222; Sisk v. Hurst, 1 W. Va. 53. Compare Marks v. Hastings, 101 Ala. 165.

The lawyer must have no personal interest in the controversy. Smith v. King, 62 Conn. 515; White v. Carr, 71 Me. 555.

In Hazzard v. Flury, 120 N. Y. 223, the Court of Appeals held that mistaken advice of counsel upon a point of law would not justify the client, since every one is presumed to know the law. Surely that much-abused fiction has seldom been so glaringly perverted in behalf of injustice. See Singer Machine Co. v. Dyer, 156 Ky. 156.

[388]. Vann v. McCreary, 77 Cal. 434; Boyd v. Mendenhall, 53 Minn. 274; Acton v. Coffman, 74 Ia. 17; Johnson v. Miller, 82 Ia. 693; Sharpe v. Johnston, 76 Mo. 660; Ames v. Rathbun, 37 How. Pr. 289; Laird v. Taylor, 66 Barb. 139; Davenport v. Lynch, 6 Jones, (N. C.) 545; Powell v. Woodbury, 85 Vt. 504 Accord.