But an abandonment of the previous proceeding, brought about as a compromise, is not a termination in favor of the original defendant. Wilkinson v. Howel, M. & M. 495; Kinsey v. Wallace, 36 Cal. 462 (semble); Waters v. Winn, 142 Ga. 138; Emery v. Ginnan, 24 Ill. App. 65; Fadner v. Filer, 27 Ill. App. 506; Ruehl Brewing Co. v. Atlas Brewing Co., 187 Ill. App. 392; Singer Machine Co. v. Dyer, 156 Ky. 156; Marks v. Gray, 42 Me. 86; Sartwell v. Parker, 141 Mass. 405; Langford v. Boston R. Co., 144 Mass. 431; Rachelman v. Skinner, 46 Minn. 196; McCormick v. Sisson, 7 Cow. 715; Gallagher v. Stoddard, 47 Hun, 101; Atwood v. Beirne, 73 Hun, 547 (but see Reit v. Meyer, 160 App. Div. 752); Welch v. Cheek, 115 N. C. 310; Clark v. Everett, 2 Grant, (Pa.) 416; Mayer v. Walter, 64 Pa. St. 283, 287; Rounds v. Humes, 7 R. I. 535; Russell v. Morgan, 24 R. I. 134. Unless the settlement was obtained by duress of the person or the goods of the original defendant. Morton v. Young, 55 Me. 24; White v. International Textbook Co., 156 Ia. 210.

[382]. Only the opinion of the court is given.

[383]. Anon., 6 Mod. 73; Turner v. Ambler, 10 Q. B. 252; Hailes v. Marks, 7 H. & N. 56; Wheeler v. Nesbitt, 24 How. 544, 550; Stewart v. Sonneborn, 98 U. S. 187; Sanders v. Palmer, 55 Fed. 217; Jordan v. Alabama Co., 81 Ala. 220; Price v. Morris, 122 Ark. 382; Mark v. Rich, 43 App. D. C. 182; Marable v. Mayer, 78 Ga. 710; Joiner v. Ocean Co., 86 Ga. 238; Ames v. Snider, 69 Ill. 376; Barrett v. Spaids, 70 Ill. 408; Leyenberger v. Paul, 12 Ill. App. 635; Morrell v. Martin, 17 Ill. App. 336; Adams v. Lisher, 3 Blackf. 241; Green v. Cochran, 43 Ia. 544; Yocum v. Polly, 1 B. Mon. 358; Medcalfe v. Brooklyn Co., 45 Md. 198; Flickinger v. Wagner, 46 Md. 580; Stone v. Crocker, 24 Pick. 81; Coupal v. Ward, 106 Mass. 289; Hamilton v. Smith, 39 Mich. 222; Smith v. Austin, 49 Mich. 286; Webster v. Fowler, 89 Mich. 303; Cox v. Lauritsen, 126 Minn. 128; Burris v. North, 64 Mo. 426; Renfro v. Prior, 22 Mo. App. 403; Kennedy v. Holladay, 25 Mo. App. 503, 519; Harris v. Quincy R. Co., 172 Mo. App. 261; McDonald v. Goddard Grocery Co., 184 Mo. App. 432; Woodman v. Prescott, 65 N. H. 224; Heyne v. Blair, 62 N. Y. 19; Miller v. Milligan, 48 Barb. 30; Linitzky v. Gorman, 146 N. Y. Supp. 313; Dietz v. Langfitt, 63 Pa. St. 234; Emerson v. Cochran, 111 Pa. St. 619; Bartlett v. Brown, 6 R. I. 37; Welch v. Boston R. Corp., 14 R. I. 609; Stoddard v. Roland, 31 S. C. 342; Kelton v. Bevins, Cooke, (Tenn.) 90; Evans v. Thompson, 12 Heisk. 534; Johnson v. State, 32 Tex. Cr. 58; South Bank v. Suffolk Bank, 27 Vt. 505; Waring v. Hudspeth, 75 Wash. 534; Bailey v. Gollehon, 76 W. Va. 322; Reicher v. Neacy, 158 Wis. 657 Accord.

Definitions of probable cause, see Gulsby v. Louisville R. Co., 167 Ala. 122; Hanchey v. Brunson, 175 Ala. 236; Runo v. Williams, 162 Cal, 444; Redgate v. Southern R. Co., 24 Cal. App. 573; Mark v. Rich, 43 App. D. C. 182; Pianco v. Joseph, 188 Ill. App. 555; Schwartz v. Boswell, 156 Ky. 103; Indianapolis Traction Co. v. Henby, 178 Ind. 239; Banken v. Locke, 136 La. 155; Chapman v. Nash, 121 Md. 608; Gilecki v. Dolemba, 189 Mich. 107; Cox v. Lauritsen, 126 Minn. 128; Lammers v. Mason, 123 Minn. 204; Wilkerson v. McGhee, 163 Mo. App. 356, 153 Mo. App. 343; Humphries v. Edwards, 164 N. C. 154; Cole v. Reece, 47 Pa. Super. Ct. 212; Waring v. Hudspeth, 75 Wash. 534; Bailey v. Gollehon, 76 W. Va. 322.

[384]. Only the opinion of the court is given.

[385]. Conviction reversed.—It is generally agreed that a conviction of the defendant in the criminal proceeding, although subsequently reversed, negatives the absence of probable cause, unless it is also made to appear that the conviction was procured by the fraud of the instigator of the criminal proceeding. Accordingly, a declaration alleging the conviction and its reversal, but not alleging any such fraud, is bad on demurrer. Reynolds v. Kennedy, 1 Wils. 232; Crescent Co. v. Butcher’s Co., 120 U. S. 141; Knight v. Internat. R. Co., 61 Fed. 87; Blackman v. West Co., 126 Fed. 252; Casey v. Dorr, 94 Ark. 433; Carpenter v. Sibley, 153 Cal. 215; Goodrich v. Warner, 21 Conn. 432 (semble); McElroy v. Catholic Press Co., 254 Ill. 290; Dahlberg v. Grace, 178 Ill. App. 97; Adams v. Bicknell, 126 Ind. 210; Moffatt v. Fisher, 47 Ia. 473; Bowman v. Brown, 52 Ia. 437; Olson v. Neal, 63 Ia. 214; Barber v. Scott, 92 Ia. 52; White v. International Text Book Co., 156 Ia. 210; Ross v. Hixon, 46 Kan. 550, 555; Spring v. Besore, 12 B. Mon. 551; Kaye v. Kean, 18 B. Mon. 839; Duerr v. Ky. Co., 132 Ky. 228; Witham v. Gowen, 14 Me. 362; Payson v. Caswell, 22 Me. 212; Sidelinger v. Trowbridge, 113 Me. 537; Whitney v. Peckham, 15 Mass. 243; Dennehey v. Woodsum, 100 Mass. 195, 197; Phillips v. Kalamazoo, 53 Mich. 33 (see Spalding v. Lowe, 56 Mich. 366); Boogher v. Hough, 99 Mo. 183; Nehr v. Dobbs, 47 Neb. 863; Burt v. Place, 4 Wend. 591; Palmer v. Avery, 41 Barb. 290; Francisco v. Schmeelk, 156 App. Div. 335; Root v. Rose, 6 N. D. 575; Thienes v. Francis, 69 Or. 165; Herman v. Brookerhoff, 8 Watts, 240 (semble); Welch v. Boston R. Co., 14 R. I. 609; Hull v. Sprague, 23 R. I. 188; Memphis Co. v. Williamson, 9 Heisk. 314; Saunders v. Baldwin, 112 Va. 431; Topolewski v. Plankinton Packing Co., 143 Wis. 52. Compare Carpenter v. Hood, 172 Mich. 533; Platt v. Bonsall, 136 App. Div. 397.

As to fraudulently procured plea of guilty, see Johnson v. Girdwood, 7 Misc. 651; Holtman v. Bullock, 142 Ky. 335.

In a few jurisdictions the conviction, although set aside, is treated as conclusive evidence of probable cause, proof of fraud in its procurement being inadmissible. Hartshorn v. Smith, 104 Ga. 235; Clements v. Odorless Co., 67 Md. 461, 605 (Bryan, J., diss.); Parker v. Huntington, 7 Gray, 36; Griffis v. Sellars, 4 Dev. & B. 176.

In Virginia, on the contrary, a count alleging a conviction and its reversal is sufficient without any allegation in regard to fraud. Jones v. Finch, 84 Va. 204 (semble); Blanks v. Robinson, 1 Va. Dec. 600; Va. L. J. (1886) 398 (overruling Womack v. Circle, 32 Grat. 324). See Hale v. Boylen, 22 W. Va. 234.

Commitment for grand jury.—The holding of the defendant for the grand jury is prima facie evidence of probable cause. Miller v. Chicago Co., 41 Fed. 898; Ewing v. Sanford, 19 Ala. 605; Price Mercantile Co. v. Cuilla, 100 Ark. 316; Ganea v. Southern Co., 51 Cal. 140; Diemer v. Herber, 75 Cal. 287; Ritchey v. Davis, 11 Ia. 124; Ross v. Hixon, 46 Kan. 550; Danzer v. Nathan, 145 App. Div. 448; Giesener v. Healy, 86 Misc. 16; Ricord v. Central Co., 15 Nev. 167; Ash v. Marlow, 20 Ohio, 119; Raleigh v. Cook, 60 Tex. 438; Hale v. Boylen, 22 W. Va. 234.