l. 13. Castaños: the Spanish commander who won the victory over Dupont at Bailén; later made Duque de Bailén.
l. 21. Mengíbar: a town near Bailén.
[Page 254].—l. 14. Vandalia: a name sometimes given to Andalusia, through a supposed connection between that term and the name of the invading Vandals.
[JUAN ARRIAZA Y SUPERIRELA]. Most successful as a satirist, Arriaza also deserves some praise for his patriotic songs. These lack, however, the well-sustained inspiration of the odes of Quintana and Gallego. The song here published was written to revive the spirits of his countrymen after the reverses of 1809. Cf. vol. III of the Poetas líricos del siglo XVIII; Blanco-García, I, 47.
[Page 256].—l. 15. Fernando: Arriaza was an absolutist courtier and partisan of Ferdinand VII.
[FRANCISCO MARTÍNEZ DE LA ROSA]. The stateman and dramatist. As a dramatist he marks the transition from Frenchified classicism to romanticism in Spanish literature. He is of but minor rank as a lyric poet, yet the Epistle to the Duke of Frías on the death of his wife contains real pathos. A second edition of his Poesías líricas appeared at Paris, 1847. Cf. Menéndez y Pelayo, Estudios de crítica literaria, Madrid, 1884, pp. 223 ff.; Blanco-García, I, 120 ff.
[Page 257].—l. 1. Like other liberals, Martínez de la Rosa was banished by the despotic Ferdinand VII. He spent much of his exile at Paris.
[ÁNGEL DE SAAVEDRA], DUQUE DE RIVAS. Romanticism triumphed in Spain through the efforts of the Duke of Rivas, who won the day for its doctrines in the drama with his Don Álvaro, in narrative poetry with his Moro expósito, and in lyric poetry with his Faro de Malta. Exiled during the reign of Ferdinand, because of his liberal sentiments, he visited England, France and Italy, and came into direct contact with the Romantic movements in those countries. When allowed to return to Spain, he straightway extended the movement into that land. As an epico-lyric or narrative poet, he has revived many legends found in the romantic history of Spain. A well-known episode is related in the poem on [p. 258]. Cf. the Obras completas of Rivas, published by the Real Academia Española, Madrid, 1854-55; the unfinished edition in the Colección de escritores castellanos; Wolf, Floresta de rimas, vol. II; and see the essays by Cañete and Pastor Díaz prefixed to vol. I of the Obras completas; Blanco-García, 2ª ed., I, 129 ff.
[Page 259].—l. 10. duque de Borbón: Charles, duc de Bourbon and Constable of France, being ill treated by his monarch Francis I., renounced allegiance to him, and entered the Spanish service. He played a large part in the defeat of Francis by Charles V., at Pavia, in 1525.
[Page 260].—ll. 17-18. Velasco, Constable of Spain, defeated Padilla at Villalar, April 23, 1521, thus ending the comunero troubles: cf. [note to p. 230, l. 9].