On the side of the head we have Modesty and Reverence, the former running down into Bashfulness and the latter into Humility or Servility. Next to these we find Sublimity, which was correctly suggested by the Edinburgh phrenologists. It lies between Reverence and Cautiousness.
Passing up from the timid and excitable region of Cautiousness to its upper prudential region we reach a prudent, calm and self-controlling region which is marked Sanity, as it is the power which overrules the passionate excitability and gives us self-control and consequent clearness of mind. Next behind Cautiousness comes Coolness or Coldness, which is both a mental and physical quality, behind which we have a region of Repose, the tendency of which is toward sleep. Below Coolness we have a region marked Force, which gives energy and impulse without the violence that is developed lower down.
Immediately over the ear is the region of Irritability, the antagonist of Patience. Going forward, the functions change to Excitability and Sensibility; going back it becomes impulsive and somewhat lawless. This impulse, antagonistic to Religion, manifests itself as Impulsiveness and Profligacy. Farther back the impulse becomes the Rivalry which is seen in all species of games as well as in the competitions of all species of business and ambition. Rivalry runs into grasping Selfishness, Acquisitiveness or avarice, and this, through Jealousy and Deceit, into the familiar function of Combativeness.
Passing down from Combativeness, Jealousy, and Rivalry, we come to a more intense hostility in Hatred, or the spirit of Domination and Revenge (antagonistic to Love), anterior to which at the mastoid process we find the maximum violence in Destructiveness and Desperation, the antagonists of Hope, and Philanthropy or Kindness. This is the murderous region, below and behind the ear, which Gall and Spurzheim mislocated above it, whereas it belongs to the inferior face of the brain, where the organs grow downward.
Passing forward and inward on the basilar surface, adjacent to the petrous ridge of the temporal bone, and the anterior margin of the tentorium, we reach in front the passional region of Rage and Insanity and a little further back, a region of restless and lawless Turbulence, which is marked upon the neck, and which antagonizes the regions of Tranquillity, Patriotism, and the outer portion of Conscientiousness.
Anterior to the Destructive and Turbulent region, but a little more external than Insanity, are the regions of Roguery and Pessimism, which appear immediately at the ear and on the lower angle of the jaw, which is marked as Melancholy on account of its sullen gloom, which looks always on the unfavorable side. The organ manifested behind the jaw through the inner ear or meatus auditorius is one of sensual selfishness which, when predominant, produces Baseness or disregard of all duties for our own indolent and profligate indulgence, antagonizing Conscientiousness. Closely adjacent to this is the tendency to Intemperance, belonging to the organ of Love of Stimulus, at the posterior margin of Alimentiveness. Anterior to Alimentiveness is the indolent region, the organ of Relaxation, between Disease and Melancholy, the antagonist of Energy which gives untiring industry.
Looking at the occiput, we find below Self-esteem or Pride, which was correctly located, the organs of Self-confidence, Love of Power, and Arrogance, extending down the median line to the cerebellum. Parallel to this we find Ostentation (which might be called Vanity) and Ambition, organs which antagonize Modesty and Ideality, as those of the median line antagonize Reverence. Next to Ambition comes the region of Business Energy, a less aspiring and ostentatious element than Ambition. Next to this come the regions of Adhesiveness, the gregarious social impulse, Aggressiveness, the intermediate between Adhesiveness and Combativeness, possessing much of the character of each, and Self-sufficiency, which relies upon our own knowledge and desires to lead others. These three organs are the antagonists of the intellectual, and yet by a wonderful law to be explained hereafter, they co-operate with them. The region between Aggressiveness, Repose, and Force is marked Stolidity, as that is the effect of its predominance. It bears some resemblance to the stubborn character of the upper portion of Combativeness, in which organ we may clearly distinguish five or six different modifications of its energy.
Combativeness, Aggressiveness, and Business Energy run into Dogmatism, a sceptical and domineering impulse. Ambition and Ostentation run down into Loquacity and Fascination, below which we find Familiarity, which runs into Arrogance and Sexual Virility. Between the latter and the Turbulent region is the region of pure Animalism, of which Sarcognomy shows the correspondence in the legs. Above this in the region of Hatred is the location of Vital Force, which has its correspondence at the upper posterior part of the thigh. The general sympathy of the thigh is found in the restless and impulsive region at the side of the neck, which antagonizes Cautiousness.
On the superior surface of the brain we find parallel to Religion on each side, Philanthropy or Kindness, Hope and Love, which antagonize Destructiveness, Desperation, and Hate. Anteriorly on each side of Benevolence is a pleasing region antagonistic to Combativeness and Jealousy, and manifesting many pleasing sentiments, which I have grouped under the general title of Harmony. In this region Faith and Candor, or love of truth, antagonize Jealousy. Politeness, Imitation, Friendship, Admiration, Pliability, Humor (or Mirthfulness), and Sympathy antagonize Combativeness. The region of Genius antagonizes sceptical Dogmatism.
Behind Love, which self-evidently belongs to the higher region of the brain, where the founders of the science failed to find it, comes Conscientiousness, which was discovered by Spurzheim, and behind that, experiment shows Fortitude, the antagonist of the sensuous appetite, Energy, the antagonist of indolent relaxation, and Cheerfulness, the antagonist of Melancholy, by which I have so often removed depression of spirits, the lack of which leaves us a prey to melancholy. Exterior to Conscientiousness comes Patriotism, or love of country.