| Countries. | Other Manufactures. | |
| Import. | Export. | |
| Austria-Hungary (1901) | $ 5,350,000 | $149,038,000 |
| Belgium (1902) | 63,475,000 | 90,974,000 |
| Denmark (1901) | 17,741,000 | 1,926,000 |
| France (1902) | 136,645,000 | 278,227,000 |
| Germany (1901) | 259,193,000 | 411,311,000 |
| Italy (1901) | 53,305,000 | 37,451,000 |
| Netherlands (1901) | 108,121,000 | 143,797,000 |
| Portugal (1902) | 10,302,000 | 1,946,000 |
| Russia-European frontier (1901) | 85,900,000 | 45,309,000 |
| Spain (1902) | 27,463,000 | 33,398,000 |
| Sweden (1902) | 26,613,000 | 23,221,000 |
| Norway (1901) | 13,037,000 | 10,863,000 |
| Switzerland (1902) | 48,478,000 | 47,960,000 |
| United Kingdom (1902) | 478,821,000 | 294,861,000 |
| United States (1903) | 369,310,000 | 654,860,000 |
| Canada (1902) | 67,719,000 | 18,076,000 |
| Mexico (1901) | 18,170,000 | 9,178,000 |
| Argentina (1902) | 20,674,000 | 704,000 |
| Brazil (1901) | 21,954,000 | 43,000 |
| China (1902) | 56,239,000 | … |
| Japan (1902) | 39,637,000 | 28,173,000 |
| India (1902) | 74,123,000 | … |
| Australia (1901) | 65,598.000 | 13,754,000 |
| New Zealand (1900) | 16,732,000 | 970,000 |
| Countries. | Total Manufactures. | |
| Import. | Export. | |
| Austria-Hungary (1901) | $113,988,000 | $ 187,364,000 |
| Belgium (1902) | 104,210,000 | 178,840,000 |
| Denmark (1901) | 39,855,000 | 3,882,000 |
| France (1902) | 212,592,000 | 508,803,000 |
| Germany (1901) | 366,669,000 | 824,051,000 |
| Italy (1901) | 101,739,000 | 75,373,000 |
| Netherlands (1901) | 241,739,000 | 231,510,000 |
| Portugal (1902) | 23,986,000 | 3,366,000 |
| Russia-European frontier (1901) | 158,166,000 | 56,069,000 |
| Spain (1902) | 57,943,000 | 41,330,000 |
| Sweden (1902) | 51,835,000 | 39,419,000 |
| Norway (1901) | 33,595,000 | 12,083,000 |
| Switzerland (1902) | 93,049,000 | 135,111,000 |
| United Kingdom (1902) | 728,700,000 | 1141,131,000 |
| United States (1903) | 570,129,000 | 791,143,000 |
| Canada (1902) | 112,506,000 | 18,076,000 |
| Mexico (1901) | 46,921,000 | 9,178,000 |
| Argentina (1902) | 67,717,000 | 704,000 |
| Brazil (1901) | 43,020,000 | 43,000 |
| China (1902) | 140,540,000 | … |
| Japan (1902) | 69,895,000 | 59,902,000 |
| India (1902) | 253,781,000 | … |
| Australia (1901) | 156,204,000 | 13,754,000 |
| New Zealand (1900) | 41,641,000 | 970,000 |
| Countries. | Percent which manufactures form of total. | |
| Import. | Export. | |
| Austria-Hungary (1901) | 32.63 | 48.35 |
| Belgium (1902) | 23.72 | 49.89 |
| Denmark (1901) | 37.47 | 4.96 |
| France (1902) | 24.95 | 62.22 |
| Germany (1901) | 28.42 | 78.13 |
| Italy (1901) | 30.68 | 28.50 |
| Netherlands (1901) | 29.54 | 33.27 |
| Portugal (1902) | 39.96 | 10.96 |
| Russia-European frontier (1901) | 56.37 | 14.45 |
| Spain (1902) | 37.60 | 29.04 |
| Sweden (1902) | 42.08 | 41.61 |
| Norway (1901) | 43.46 | 28.78 |
| Switzerland (1902) | 42.72 | 80.07 |
| United Kingdom (1902) | 27.92 | 82.70 |
| United States (1903) | 55.58 | 56.83 |
| Canada (1902) | 57.26 | 10.47 |
| Mexico (1901) | 75.11 | 27.78 |
| Argentina (1902) | 68.13 | .41 |
| Brazil (1901) | 44.87 | … |
| China (1902) | 71.36 | … |
| Japan (1902) | 51.73 | 47.05 |
| India (1902) | 88.15 | … |
| Australia (1901) | 76.35 | 10.23 |
| New Zealand (1900) | 83.82 | 1.72 |
The Manufacturing Industry of the United States, 1850 to 1905, showing Value of Product, Capital Invested, Wage-Earners Employed, Wages Paid, and Number of Establishments in each census year in the period under consideration.
[From official records of the United States Census Office.]
| Date of Census. | ||||
| 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | |
| Number of establishments | 123,025 | 140,433 | 252,148 | 253,852 |
| Capital | $533,245,351 | $1,009,855,715 | $2,118,208,769 | $2,790,272,606 |
| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | [S] | [S] | [S] | [S] |
| Salaries | [S] | [S] | [S] | [S] |
| Wage-earners, average number | 957,059 | 1,311,246 | 2,053,996 | 2,732,595 |
| Total wages | $236,755,464 | $378,878,966 | $775,584,343 | $947,953,795 |
| Men, 16 years and over | 731,137 | 1,040,349 | 1,615,598 | 2,019,035 |
| Wages | [S] | [S] | [S] | [S] |
| Women, 16 years and over | 2,225,922 | 270,897 | 323,770 | 531,639 |
| Wages | [S] | [S] | [S] | [S] |
| Children, under 16 years | [S] | [S] | 114,628 | 181,921 |
| Wages | [S] | [S] | [S] | [S] |
| Miscellaneous expenses | [U] | [U] | [U] | [U] |
| Cost of materials used | $555,123,822 | $1,031,605,092 | $2,488,427,242 | $3,396,823,549 |
| Value of products, including custom work and repairing. | $1,019,106,616 | $1,885,861,676 | $4,232,325,442 | $5,369,579,191 |
| Date of Census. | |||
| 1890 | 1900.[Q] | 1905. | |
| Number of establishments | 355,475 | 512,254 | 588,769 |
| Capital | $6,525,156,486 | $9,817,434,799 | $13,872,035,371 |
| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | 461,609[R] | 396,759 | 566,175 |
| Salaries | $391,988,208[R] | $403,711,233 | $609,200,251 |
| Wage-earners, average number | 4,251,613 | 5,308,406 | 6,152,443 |
| Total wages | $1,891,228,321 | $2,322,333,877 | $3,014,389,372 |
| Men, 16 years and over | 3,327,042 | 4,110,527 | 4,792,874 |
| Wages | $1,659,234,483 | $2,016,677,789 | $2,629,747,837 |
| Women, 16 years and over | 803,686 | 1,029,296 | 1,194,083 |
| Wages | $215,367,976 | $279,994,396 | $356,992,855 |
| Children, under 16 years | 120,885 | 168,583 | 167,066 |
| Wages | $16,625,862 | $25,661,692 | $29,228,667 |
| Miscellaneous expenses | $631,225,035 | $1,027,775,778 | $1,651,603,535 |
| Cost of materials used | $5,162,044,076 | $7,345,413,651 | $9,497,619,851 |
| Value of products, including custom work and repairing. | $9,372,437,283 | $13,004,400,143 | $16,866,706,985 |
| Per cent of Increase. | ||||||
| 1850 to 1860 | 1860 to 1870 | 1870 to 1880 | 1880 to 1890 | 1890 to 1900 | 1900 to 1905 | |
| Number of establishments | 14.1 | 79.6 | 0.7 | 40.0 | 44.1 | 4.2 |
| Capital | 89.4 | 109.3 | 31.7 | 133.9 | 50.5 | 41.3 |
| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | … | … | … | … | 13.9[T] | 42.7 |
| Salaries | … | … | … | … | 3.0 | 50.9 |
| Wage-earners, average number | 37.0 | 56.6 | 33.0 | 55.6 | 24.9 | 15.9 |
| Total wages | 60.0 | 104.7 | 22.2 | 99.5 | 22.8 | 29.8 |
| Men, 16 years and over | 42.3 | 55.3 | 25.0 | 64.8 | 23.5 | 16.6 |
| Wages | … | … | … | … | 21.5 | 30.4 |
| Women, 16 years and over | 19.9 | 19.5 | 64.2 | 51.2 | 28.1 | 16.0 |
| Wages | … | … | … | … | 30.0 | 27.5 |
| Children, under 16 years | … | … | 58.7 | 33.6[T] | 39.5 | 0.9 |
| Wages | … | … | … | … | 54.3 | 13.9 |
| Miscellaneous expenses | … | … | … | … | 62.8 | 60.7 |
| Cost of materials used | 85.8 | 141.2 | 36.5 | 52.0 | 42.3 | 29.3 |
| Value of products, including custom work and repairing. | 85.1 | 124.4 | 26.9 | 74.5 | 38.8 | 29.7 |
| Date of Census. | ||
| 1850 | 1860 | |
| Number of establishments | 123,025 | 140,433 |
| Capital | $533,245,351 | $1,009,855,715 |
| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | [S] | [S] |
| Salaries | [S] | [S] |
| Wage-earners, average number | 957,059 | 1,311,246 |
| Total wages | $236,755,464 | $378,878,966 |
| Men, 16 years and over | 731,137 | 1,040,349 |
| Wages | [S] | [S] |
| Women, 16 years and over | 2,225,922 | 270,897 |
| Wages | [S] | [S] |
| Children, under 16 years | [S] | [S] |
| Wages | [S] | [S] |
| Miscellaneous expenses | [U] | [U] |
| Cost of materials used | $555,123,822 | $1,031,605,092 |
| Value of products, including custom work and repairing. | $1,019,106,616 | $1,885,861,676 |