[169.] Here a different epithet is applied to Väinämöinen.

[283.] Probably Polyporus igniarius or P. fomentarius, both of which are much used for tinder.

[302.] He appears to have thought that Panu was in league with the Fire.

RUNO XLIX

[83.] This is Rhabdomancy, or divination by rods.

[417.] Literally, at the end of our thumbs.

RUNO L

[1.] Marjatta korea kuopus.

Literally, Marjatta the elegant darling; an expression occurring nowhere else in the Kalevala. The story in the present Runo seems to exhibit a veneer of Christianity over Shaman legends. Even the name Marjatta, notwithstanding its resemblance to Maria, seems to be really derived from the word marja, a berry. An old writer says that the favourite deities of the Finns in his time were Väinämöinen and the Virgin Mary.

[188.] That is, a criminal who deserves to be burnt at the stake.