Necessity of employing two different co-efficients of dilatation according as consideration is being had to the variations of volume to a given pressure, or of pressure to a given volume.
Empirical formulæ for the dilatation of liquids.
Graphical constructions.
Lesson 10. Thermometers.
Construction of thermometers. Mercurial thermometer. Details of construction. Fixed points. Different scales; their relation. Arbitrary scales. Change which takes place in the zero point. Different precautions to be observed in using the mercurial thermometer.
General want of comparability of mercurial thermometers with tubes of different material.
Air thermometers. They are comparable with one another within the limits of the errors of experiment, whatever the nature of the tube employed. This property entitles the air thermometer to a preference for all accurate measures. Comparison of the air and mercurial thermometers.
THERMOSCOPE, DIFFERENTIAL THERMOMETER, PYROMETERS, BREGUET’S THERMOMETER.
Lessons 11–13. Changes of State produced by Heat.
Exposition of the phenomena which accompany the liquefaction of solids and the solidification of liquids. Constancy of the temperature whilst the phenomenon is going on.