The shades of meaning: wise, learned, intelligent, sensible, careful, cautious, clever, need further analysis.
འཁྲུག་, 35. The value of this word is clear from the Dicts., but there is a difficulty in choosing suitable English words to fit each case in rendering. Such words as the following may be found useful under various circumstances: to be disturbed, upset, disordered (cf. disordered brain), unbalanced, deranged, convulsed, in turmoil, tumultuous (a soul in tumult), in revolt, turbulent, wild, seething, in uproar, in the throes of (passion, etc.).
And even so none of the above expressions furnishes an easy, idiomatic and close rendering for རྒྱུད་, the man whose very character is an utter chaos.
འཁུར་, 21. Ordinarily to carry, but here to carry back, i.e. to repay, render, return.
Example: ཕ་, You must render your parents their kindness. The verb འཇལ་, primarily ‘to weigh’, is equally so used; see J. s.v. 4. For the above example the word ལན་ would ordinarily be inserted, ཕ་, but this would lessen the force of the illustration for our purpose as ལན་ means here ‘return,’ and དྲིན་༌, ‘a kindness in return.’ The above sentence can be expressed in three ways: ཕ་ (with or without ལན་), འཁུར་ (or འཇལ་, or ལོག་), དགོས་.
གངས་, title. Mother Snow Mountain. The affixes to རི་ are according to J. བོ་ and ག་; Desg. adds ངོ་; S. Ch. [[28]]D. only བོ་; Bell and Henderson no affix. Of these བོ་ gives a definite sense of greatness to the mountain. (See S. Ch. D., Grammar, Introduction, p. 18). Here the particle མ་ is not an inherent part of the substantive, but is added to give a feminine sense to the word, which here means something like ‘Mother Mountain,’ the big mountain being as it were the mother of all smaller hills and heights around it. My informants were definitely of opinion that, here, ‘Mother Mountain’ and not ‘Lady Mountain’ was meant. So we should not understand the expression as ‘Her Majesty or Ladyship the Snow Mountain.’ The meaning though grammatically important remains better neglected in the translation.
གངས་, 25. In this snow-mountain-mass, i.e. monastery. རི་ as monastery in J. s.v. རི་ but not s.v. ཁྲོད་. Bell has རི་ as ‘cell (of hermit).’
Here the expression seems rather to indicate Gendundub’s own monastery (be it Daipung, Tashilhunpo or Namgyalchöde) than Galdan, spoken of in the second verse. See Schulemann, Gesch. der Dalailamas, pp. 92 fll. See འབྲོག་ and ཤར་.
གོ་ see སྐྱོ་.
གོལ་, 33. J. འགོལ་, error, mistake. In Desg. འགོལ་ or འགོལ་, solitary spot (s.v. འགོལ་) and ལམ་ (s.v. གོལ་), ‘has lost his way’; and also འགོལ་ to put apart; འགོལ་, a separate road, a side road (route détournée). According to Desg. only the past form of འགོལ་, i.e. གོལ་, means to have erred, gone astray, both physically and morally. S. Ch. D. copies J., but adds to J.’s འགོལ་, the place where two roads separate: ‘so as to create doubt in the mind regarding the right path.’ Schroeter (p. 451a) has two entries འགོལ་, ‘remote,’ and འགོལ་, ‘a closet.’ J. has the latter expression as ‘a hermitage,’ [[29]]and Desg., as above, ‘solitary spot.’ In our passage ལམ་ does not mean ‘the mistake as to the road,’ or Anglice ‘the error of his ways.’