[1072] Stephens’s Central America, ii. ch. 7; and Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, vol. lxxxviii. 376, derived from Catherwood.
[1073] Other travellers who have visited them are John Baily, Central America (Lond. 1850); A. P. Maudsley, Explorations in Guatemala (Lond. 1883), with map and plans of ruins, in the Proc. Roy. Geog. Soc. p. 185; W. T. Brigham’s Guatemala (N. Y., 1886). Bancroft (iv. 109) epitomizes the existing knowledge; but the remains seem to be less known than any other of the considerable ruins. There are a few later papers: G. Williams on the Antiquities of Guatemala, in the Smithsonian Report, 1876; Simeon Habel’s “Sculptures of Santa Lucia Cosumalhuapa in Guatemala” in the Smithson. Contrib. xxii. (Washington, 1878), or “Sculptures de Santa (Lucia) Cosumalwhuapa dans le Guatémala, avec une rélation de voyages dans l’Amérique Centrale et sur les cótes occidentales de l’Amérique du Sud, par S. Habel. Traduit de l’anglais, par J. Pointet,” with eight plates, in the Annales du Musée Guimet, vol. x. pp. 119-259 (Paris, 1887); Philipp Wilhelm Adolf Bastian’s “Stein Sculpturen aus Guatemala,” in the Jahrbuch der k. Museen zu Berlin, 1882, or “Notice sur les pierres sculptées du Guatémala récemment acquises par le Musée royal d’ethnographie de Berlin. Traduit avec autorisation de l’auteur par J. Pointet,” in the Annales du Musée Guimet, vol. x. pp. 261-305 (Paris, 1887); and C. E. Vreeland and J. F. Bransford, on the Antiquities at Pantaleon, Guatemala (Washington, 1885), from the Smithsonian Report for 1884.
[1074] Nicaragua; its people, scenery, monuments, and the proposed interoceanic canal (N. Y., 1856; revised 1860), a portion (pp. 303-362) referring to the modern Indian occupants. Squier was helped by his official station as U. S. chargé d’affaires; and the archæological objects brought away by him are now in the National Museum at Washington. He published separate papers in the Amer. Ethnol. Soc. Trans. ii.; Smithsonian Ann. Rept. v. (1850); Harper’s Monthly, x. and xi. Cf. list in Pilling, nos. 3717, etc.
[1075] His explorations were in 1865-66. He carried off what he could to the British Museum.
[1076] Like Bedford Pim and Berthold Seemann’s Dottings on the Roadside in Panama, Nicaragua, and Mosquito (Lond., 1869).
[1077] J. F. Bransford’s “Archæological Researches in Nicaragua,” in the Smithsonian Contrib. (Washington, 1881). Karl Bovallius’s Nicaraguan Antiquities, with plates (Stockholm, 1886), published by the Swedish Society of Anthropology and Geography, figures various statues and other relics found by the author in Nicaragua, and he says that his drawings are in some instances more exact than those given by Squier before the days of photography. In his introduction he describes the different Indian stocks of Nicaragua, and disagrees with Squier. He gives a useful map of Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
[1078] It is only of late years that they have been kept apart, for the elder writers like Kingsborough, Stephens, and Brantz Mayer, confounded them.
[1079] The Father Alonzo Ponce, who travelled through Yucatan in 1586, is the only writer, according to Brinton (Books of Chilan Balam, p. 5), who tells us distinctly that the early missionaries made use of aboriginal characters in giving religious instruction to the natives (Relacion Breve y Verdadera).
[1080] Leon y Gama tells us that color as well as form seems to have been representative.
[1081] See references on the accepted difficulties in Native Races, ii. 551. Mrs. Nuttall claims to have observed certain complemental signs in the Mexican graphic system, “which renders a misinterpretation of the Nahuatl picture-writings impossible” (Am. Asso. Adv. Science, Proc., xxxv. Aug., 1886); Peabody Mus. Papers, i. App.