[1836] Clavigero (Philad., Eng. transl., i. 20); Prescott, i. 138; Folsom’s ed. of Cortes’ letters, 412; Lockhart’s transl. of Bernal Diaz (Lond., 1844, i. 36).
[1837] Cf. on copper implements from Mexico: P. J. J. Valentini’s Mexican copper tools: the use of copper by the Mexicans before the Conquest; and The Katunes of Maya history, a chapter in the early history of Central America. From the German, by S. Salisbury, jr. (Worcester, 1880), from the Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc., Apr. 30, 1879; F. W. Putnam in Ibid., n. s., ii. 235 (Oct. 21, 1882); Charnay, Eng. transl., p. 70; H. L. Reynolds, Jr., on the “Metal art of ancient Mexico” in Popular Science Monthly, Aug., 1887 (vol. xxxi., p. 519).
[1838] Cf. St. John Vincent Day’s Prehistoric use of iron and steel: with observations (London, 1877). This book grew out of papers printed in the Proc. Philosoph. Soc. of Glasgow (1871-75).
[1839] Cf. Dr. Washington Matthews on the “Navajo silversmiths” in the 2d Rept. Bureau of Ethnol. (Washington, 1883), p. 167.
[1840] The chief European collections are in the British Museum, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the Louvre, and at Copenhagen, Vienna, Brussels, not to name others; and among private ones, the Christy and Evans collections in England and the Uhde in Heidelberg.
[1841] Transactions, n. s., iii. 510.
[1842] Cf. Lucien de Rosny’s “Introduction à une histoire de la céramique chez les indiens du nouveau monde” in the Archives de la Soc. Amér. de France, n. s., vol. i., and Stevens’ Flint Chips, 241. Further references: Wilson’s Prehist. Man, ii. ch. 17; Catlin’s N. A. Indians, ch. 16; F. V. Hayden’s Contrib. to the Ethnog. of the Missouri Valley, 355; A. Demmin’s Hist. de la Céramique (Paris, 1868-1875); Nadaillac’s Les Premiers Hommes, and his L’Amérique préhistorique, ch. 4.
[1843] For the Atlantic coast, papers by Abbott (American Naturalist, Ap. 72, etc.), later more comprehensively treated in his Primitive Industry, ch. 11; and for the middle Atlantic region, a paper by Francis Jordan, Jr., in the Amer. Philosoph. Soc. Proc. (1888, vol. xxv.). For Florida, Schoolcraft in the New York Hist. Soc. Proc., 1846, p. 124. For the moundbuilders, Foster’s Prehistoric Races, p. 237, and in Amer. Naturalist, vii. 94 (Feb., 1873); Nadaillac, ch. 4; and Putnam in Amer. Nat., ix. 321, 393, and Peabody Mus. Repts., viii. For the Mississippi Valley in general, Edw. Evers in The Contributions to the archæology of Missouri; W. H. Holmes in the Fourth Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, an improvement of a paper in the Proc. of the Davenport Acad. of Sciences, vol. iv. Joseph Jones in the Smithsonian Contrib., xxii., and Putnam in the Peabody Mus. Repts., have described the pottery of Tennessee. The Pacific R. R. Repts/ yield us something; and Putnam (Reports) was the first to describe the Missouri pottery. J. H. Devereux treats the pottery of Arkansas in the Smithsonian Rept., 1872. On the Pueblo pottery, see papers of W. H. Holmes and F. H. Cushing in the Fourth Rept. Bur. of Ethn. (pp. 257, 743); and James Stevenson’s illustrated catalogue in the Third Rept., p. 511. F. W. Putnam (Amer. Art Review, Feb., 1881), supplementing his work in vol. vii. of Wheeler’s Survey, thinks that the present Pueblo Indians make an inferior ware to their ancestors’ productions. The pottery of the cliff-dwellers is described in Hayden’s Annual Rept. (1876). Paul Schumacher explains the method of manufacturing pottery and basket-work among the Indians of Southern California in the Peabody Museum Rept., xii. 521. O. T. Mason’s papers in recent Smithsonian Reports and in the Amer. Naturalist are among the best investigations in this direction.
[1844] For some special phases, see S. Blondel’s Recherches sur les bijoux des peuples primitifs ... Méxicains et Péruviens (Paris, 1876); F. W. Putnam’s Conventionalism in Ancient American Art (Salem, 1887, from the Bull. Essex Inst., xviii., for 1886); Mexican masks in Stevens’ Flint chips, 328; S. D. Peet on “Human faces in aboriginal art,” in the American Antiquarian (May, 1886, or viii. 133); the description of terra-cotta figures in Herman Strebel’s Alt-Mexico. A terra-cotta vase in the Museo Nacional is figured in Brasseur’s Popol Vuh (1861).
It is not known that stringed instruments were ever used, notwithstanding the suggestion of the twanging of the bow-string; but museums often contain specimens of musical pipes used by the aborigines. The opening chapter of J. F. Rowbotham’s Hist. of Music (London, 1885) gives what evidence we have, with references, as to kinds of music common to the American aborigines, and their fictile wind instruments. Cf. A. J. Hipkins’ Musical instruments, historic, rare, and unique. The selection, introduction, and descriptive notes by A. J. Hipkins; illustrated by William Gibb (Edinburgh, 1888); H. T. Cresson on Aztec music in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences (Philad., 1883); and Wilson’s Prehistoric Man (ii. 37), with the references in Bancroft’s index (v. p. 717).