In Nott and Gliddon’s Indigenous Races of the Earth (Philad., 1857) there is a section by Francis Pulszky on “Iconographic researches on human races and their art.”
[1845] Mrs. Zelia Nuttall’s essay on some Mexican feather-work preserved in the Imperial Museum at Vienna appeared in the Archæol. and Ethnolog. Papers of the Peabody Museum, vol. i. no. 1 (Cambridge, 1888), and here she discusses the question if this is a standard or head-dress, and holds it to have been a head-dress. The contrary view is taken by F. von Hochstetter in his Ueber Mexicanische Reliquien aus der Zeit Montezuma’s (Vienna, 1884), who supposes it to have been among the presents sent by Cortes in 1519 to Charles V., in the possession of whose nephew it is known to have been in 1596.
[1846] Cf. Horatio Hale on The Origin of Primitive Money (N. Y., 1886,—from the Popular Science Monthly, xxviii. 296); W. B. Weedon’s Indian Money as a factor in New England Civilization (Baltimore, 1884),—Johns Hopkins (University Studies); Ashbel Woodward’s Wampum (Albany, 1878); Ernst Ingersoll in the Amer. Naturalist (May, 1883); and the cuts of wampum belts in the Second Rept. Bur. Ethnology (pp. 242, 244, 246, 248, 252, 254).
[1847] Cf. D. G. Brinton’s The lineal measures of the Semi-civilized nations of Mexico and Central America. Read before the American Philosophical Society, Jan. 2, 1885 (Philadelphia, 1885).
[1848] Wilson’s Prehistoric Man, i. ch. 6.
[1849] Wilson, i. 168. See post, Vol. II. 508, for an old cut of a raft under sail.
[1850] Peabody Mus. Rept., ii. 602-8.
[1851] Chips, ii. 248. Cf. Dabry de Thiersant’s Origine des indiens (Paris, 1883), p. 187.
[1852] It has been a question whether the palæolithic man talked, and it has been asserted and denied, from the character of certain inferior maxillary bones found in caves, that he had the power of articulate speech. Dr. Brinton has recently, from an examination of the lowest stocks of linguistic utterances now known, endeavored to set forth “a somewhat correct conception of what was the character of the rudimentary utterances of the race.” Cf. Brinton, Language of the Palæolithic Man, Philadelphia, 1888; Mortillet, La préhistorique Antiquité de l’Homme (Paris, 1883); H. Steinthal, Der Ursprung der Sprache (Berlin, 1888). Horatio Hale, on “The origin of languages and the antiquity of speaking man,” in the Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Proc., xxxv. 279, cites the views of some physiologists to show that the pre-glacial man could not talk, because there are only rudimentary signs of the presence of important vocal muscles to be discovered in the most ancient jaw-bones which have been found. Rau inferred that the totally diverse character, as he thought, of the American tongues indicated strongly that the earliest man could not articulate (Contrib. to N. A. Ethnology, v. 92). For other somewhat wild speculations, see Col. E. Carette’s Etude sur les temps antéhistoriques, La Langage (Paris, 1878).
[1853] Morgan thought he had found a test in his Systems of consanguinity and affinity of the Human Family (Washington, 1871).