[465] Les voyages de Saint Brandan et des Papoe dans l’Atlantique au moyen-âge, published by the Soc. de Géogr. de Rochefort (1881). See also his Rapports de l’Amérique et de l’ancien continent (Paris, 1869), p. 173-183. The article Brenden in Stephen’s Dict. of National Biography, vol. vi. (London, 1886), should be consulted.
[466] 16 May; Maii, tom. ii. p. 699.
[467] La légende latine de S. Brandaines, avec une traduction inédite, etc. (Paris, 1836). M. Jubinal gives a full account of all manuscripts.
[468] St. Brandan, a mediæval legend of the sea, in English prose and verse (London, 1844). The student of the subject will find use for Les voyages de Saint Brandan à la recherche du paradis terrestre, legend en vers du XIIe siècle, avec introduction par Francisque Michel (Paris, 1878), and “La legende Flamande de Saint Brandan et du bibliographie” by Louis de Backer in Miscellanées bibliographiques, 1878, p. 191.
[469] Nova typis transacta navigatio. Novi orbis India occidentalis, etc. (1621), p. 11.
[470] Honoré d’Autun, Imago Mundi, lib. i. cap. 36. In Maxima Bibliotheca Veterum Patrum (Lugd., 1677), tom. xx. p. 971.
[471] Humboldt (Examen Critique, ii. 172) quotes these islands from Sanuto Torsello (1306). They appear on a map of about 1350, preserved in St. Mark’s Library at Venice (Wuttke, in Jahresber. d. Vereins für Erdkunde zu Dresden, xvi. 20), as “I fortunate I beate, 368,” in connection with La Montagne de St. Brandan, west of Ireland. They are also in the Medicean Atlas of 1351, and in Fra Mauro’s map and many others.
[472] Noticias de la historia general de las islas de Canaria, by D. Jos. de Viera y Clavijo, 4 vols. 4to (Madrid, 1772-83). Humboldt, Examen, ii. 167. D’Avezac, Iles d’Afrique, ii. 22, etc. Les îles fortunées ou archipel des Canaries [by E. Pégot-Ogier], 2 vols. (Paris, 1862), i. ch. 13. Saint-Borondon (Aprositus), pp. 186-198. Teneriffe and its six satellites, by O. M. Stone, 2 vols. (London, 1887), i. 319. This mirage probably explains the Perdita of Honoré and the Aprositos of Ptolemy. Cf. O. Peschel’s Abhandlungen zur Erd- und Völkerkunde (Leipzig, 1877), i. 20. A similar story is connected with Brazil.
[473] M. Buache in his Mémoire sur l’Isle Antillia (Mém. Inst. de France, Sciences math. et phys., vi., 1806), read on a copy of the Pizigani map of 1367, sent to him from Parma, the inscription, Ad ripas Antilliae or Antullio. Cf. Buache’s article in German in Allg. Geogr. Ephemeriden, xxiv. 129. Humboldt (Examen, ii. 177) quotes Zurla (Viaggi, ii. 324) as denying that such an inscription can be made out on the original: but Fischer (Sammlung von Welt-karten, p. 19) thinks this form of the name can be made out on Jomard’s fac-simile. Wuttke, however, thinks that the word Antillia is not to be made out, and gives the inscription as Hoc sont statua q fuit ut tenprs A cules, and reads Hoc sunt statuae quae fuerunt antea temporibus Arcules = Herculis (Wuttke, Zur Geschichte der Erdkunde in der letzten Haelfte des Mittelalters, p. 26, in Jahresbericht des Vereins für Erdkunde zu Dresden, vi. and vii., 1870). The matter is of interest in the story of the equestrian statue of Corvo. According to the researches of Humboldt, this story first appears in print in the history of Portugal by Faria y Sousa (Epitome de las historias Portuguezas, Madrid, 1628. Historia del Reyno de Portugal, 1730), who describes on the “Mountain of the Crow,” in the Azores, a statue of a man on horseback pointing westward. A later version of the story mentions a western promontory in Corvo which had the form of a person pointing westward. Humboldt (ii. 231), in an interesting sketch, connects this story with the Greek traditions of the columns of Hercules at Gades, and with the old opinion that beyond no one could pass; and with the curious Arabic stories of numberless columns with inscriptions prohibiting further navigation, set up by Dhoulcarnain, an Arabian hero, in whose personality Hercules and Alexander the Great are curiously compounded (see Edrisi). Humboldt quotes from Buache a statement that on the Pizigani map of 1367 there is near Brazil (Azores) a representation of a person holding an inscription and pointing westward.
[474] Fernan Colomb, Historia, ch. 9; Horn, De Originibus Amer. p. 7, quoted by Gaffarel in his Les îles fantastiques, p. 3, note 1, 2. D’Avezac, Iles d’Afrique, ii. 27, quotes a similar passage from Medina (Arte naviguar), who found it in the Ptolemy dedicated to Pope Urban (1378-1389). According to D’Avezac (Iles, ii. 28), a “geographical document” of 1455 gives the name as Antillis, and identifies it with Plato’s Atlantis.