[475] Formaleoni, Essai, 148.
[476] D’Avezac marks as wrong the reading Sarastagio of Humboldt.
[477] D’Avezac, Iles d’Afrique, ii. 29; Gaffarel, Iles fantastiques, 12. Fischer (Sammlung, 20) translates Satanaxio, Satanshand, but thinks the island of Deman, which appears on the Catalan chart of 1375, is meant by the first half of the title. The Catalan map, fac-similed by Buchon and Foster in the Notices et extraits des documents, xiv. 2, has been more exactly reproduced in the Choix des documents géographiques conservées à la Bibl. Nat. (Paris, 1883).
[478] Peter Martyr, in 1493, states that cosmographers had determined that Hispaniola and the adjacent isles were Antillae insulae, meaning doubtless the group surrounding Antillia on the old maps (Decades, i. p. 11, ed. 1583); but the name was not popularly applied to the new islands until after Wytfliet and Ortelius had so used it (Humboldt, Examen, ii. 195, etc.). But Schöner, in the dedicatory letter of his globe of 1523, says that the king of Castile through Columbus has discovered Antiglias Hispaniam Cubam quoque (Stevens, Schöner, London, 1888, fac-simile of letter). In the same way the name Seven Cities was applied to the pueblos of New Mexico by their first discoverers, and Brazil passed from an island to the continent.
[479] Humboldt identified it with Terceira, but Fischer questions whether St. Michael does not agree better with the easterly position constantly assigned to Brazil.
[480] The Bianco map of 1436 has, on the ocean sheets, five groups of small islands, from south to north: (1) Canaries; (2) Madeira and Porto Santo; (3) luto and chapisa; (4) d. brasil, di colonbi, d. b. ntusta, d. sanzorzi; (5) coriios and corbo marinos; (6) de ventura; (7) de brazil. West of the third and fourth lies Antillia, and N. W. of the fifth a corner of de laman satanaxio, while west of six and seven are numerous small islands unnamed. On the ocean sheet of the Bianco of 1448, we have (2) Madeira and Porto Santo; (3) licongi and coruo marin; (4) de braxil, zorzi, etc.; (5) coriios and coruos marinos; (6) y. d. mam debentum; (7) y. d. brazil d. binar. There is no Antillia and no Satanaxio, but west of (3) and (4) are two other groups: (1) yd. diuechi marini, y de falconi; (2) y fortunat de so. beati. blandan, dinferno, de ipauion, beta ixola, dexerta. There is not much to be hoped from such geography.
[481] Over against Africa he has an Isola dei Dragoni. On the Pizigani map of 1367 the Brazil which lies W. of North France is accompanied by a cut of two ships, a dragon eating a man, and a legend stating that one cannot sail further on account of monsters. There was a dragon in the Hesperian isles, and some have connected it with the famous dragon-tree of the Canaries.
[482] Examen, ii. 216, etc.
[483] For an account of the Irish MSS. see Eugene O’Curry, Lectures on the MS. material of ancient Irish history (Dublin, 1861), lect. ix. p. 181; H. d’Arbois de Jubainville, Introduction a l’étude de la littérature Celtique, 2 vols. (Paris, 1883), i. chap. 8, p. 349, etc.; also Essai d’un catalogue de littérature épique d’Irlande, by the same author (Paris, 1883). For accounts of the voyages see O’Curry, p. 252, and especially p. 289, where a sketch of that of the sons of Ua Corra is given. A list of the voyages is given by D’Arbois de Jubainville in his Essai, under Longeas (involuntary voyages) and Immram (voluntary voyages), with details about MSS. and references to texts and translations (Mailduin, p. 151; Ua Corra, 152). See also Beauvois, Eden occidental, Rev. de l’Hist. des Relig., viii. 706, 717, for voyages of Mailduin and the sons of Ua Corra, and of other voyages. Also Joyce, Old Celtic romances (London, 1879). Is M. Beauvois in earnest when he suggests that the talking birds discovered by Mailduin (and also by St. Brandan) were probably parrots, and their island a part of South America?
[484] The name is derived by Celtic scholars from breas, large, and i, island.