[565] Races of Men.
[566] Compte Rendu, 1877, p. 79; 1883, p. 246; the latter being called “Polynesian Antiquities, a link between the ancient civilizations of Asia and America.” Further discussions of the Polynesian migrations will be found as follows: A. W. Bradford’s Amer. Antiquities (N. Y., 1841); Gallatin (Am. Eth. Soc. Trans., i. 176) disputed any common linguistic traces, while Bradford thought he found such; Lesson and Martinet’s Les Polynésiens, leur origine, leurs migrations, leur langage; Wilson’s Prehistoric Man, ii. 344; Jules Garnier’s “Les migrations polynésiennes” in Bull. de la Soc. de Géog. de Paris, Jan., June, 1870; G. d’Eichthal’s “Etudes sur l’histoire primitive des races océaniennes et Américaines” in Mem. de la Soc. Ethnologique (vol. ii.); Marcoy’s Travels in South America; C. Staniland Wake’s Chapters on Man, p. 200; a “Rapport de la Polynésie et l’Amérique” in the Mémoires de la Soc. Ethnologique, ii. 223; A. de Quatrefages de Bréau’s Les Polynésiens et leurs migrations (Paris, 1866), from the Revue des deux Mondes, Feb., 1864; O. F. Peschel in Ausland, 1864, p. 348; W. H. Dall in Bureau of Ethnology Rept., 1881-82, p. 147. Allen’s paper, already referred to, gives references.
[567] Bancroft, Nat. Races, v. 44, with references, p. 48, epitomizes the story. Cf. Short, 151. There was a tradition of giants landing on the shore (Markham’s Cieza de Leon, p. 190). Cf. Forster’s Voyages, 43.
[568] A belief in the Asiatic connection has taken some curious forms. Montesinos in his Memorias Peruanas held Peru to be the Ophir of Solomon. Cf. Gotfriedus Wegner’s De Navigationis Solomonæis (Frankfort, 1689). Horn held Hayti to be Ophir, and he indulges in some fantastic evidences to show that the Iroquois, i. e. Yrcas, were Turks! Cf. Onffroy de Thoron in Le Globe, 1869. C. Wiener in his L’Empire des Incas (ch. 2, 4) finds traces of Buddhism, and so does Hyde Clarke in his Khita-Peruvian Epoch (1877). Lopez has written on Les Races Aryennes de Pérou (1871). Cf. Robert Ellis, Peruvia Scythica. The Quicha Language of Peru, its derivation from Central Asia with the American languages in general (London, 1875). Grotius held that the Peruvians were of Chinese stock. Charles Pickering’s ethnological map gives a Malay origin to the islands of the Gulf of Mexico and a part of the Pacific coast, the rest being Mongolian.
[569] The story is given in English by De Costa (Pre-Columbian Disc. of America, p. 85) from the Landnámabók, no. 107. Cf. Saga of Thorfinn Karlsefne, ch. 13, and that of Erik the Red. Leif is said in the sagas to have met shipwrecked white people on the coasts visited by him (Hist. Mag., xiii. 46).
[570] Antiquitates Americanæ, 162, 183, 205, 210, 211, 212, 214, 319, 446-51.
[571] Brinton in Hist. Mag., ix. 364; Rivero and Tschudi’s Peru.
[572] Schöning’s Heimskringla. Grönlands Historiske Mindesmærker, i. 150.
[573] Eyrbyggja Saga, ch. 64, and given in English in De Costa’s Pre-Columbian Discovery, p. 89. Cf. Sir Walter Scott’s version of this saga and the appendix of Mallet’s Northern Antiquities
[574] Traces of Celtic have been discovered by some of the philologists, when put to the task, in the American languages. Cf. Humboldt, Relation Historique, iii. 159. Lord Monboddo held such a theory.