[654] The best list is in P. B. Watson’s “Bibliog. of Pre-Columbian Discoveries of America,” originally in the Library Journal, vi. 259, but more complete in Anderson’s America not discovered by Columbus (3d ed., Chicago, 1883). Cf. also Chavanne’s Literature of the Polar Regions; Th. Solberg’s Bibliog. of Scandinavia, in English, with magazine articles, in F. W. Horn’s Hist. of the lit. of the Scandinavian North (1884, pp. 413-500). There is a convenient brief list in Slafter’s Voyages of the Northmen (pp. 127-140), and a not very well selected one in Marie A. Brown’s Icelandic Discoverers. Poole’s Index indicates the considerable amount of periodical discussions. The Scandinavian writers are mainly referred to by Miss Brown and Mrs. Bull.
[655] Forster finds a corruption of Norvegia (Norway) in Norumbega. Rafn finds the Norse elements in the words Massachusetts, Nauset, and Mount Hope (Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., viii. 194-198). The word Hole, used as synonymous to harbor in various localities along the Vineyard Sound, has been called a relic of the Icelandic Holl, a hill (Mag. Amer. Hist., June, 1882, p. 431; Jos. S. Fay in Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., xii. 334; and in Anderson, America not discovered by Columbus, 3d ed.).
Brasseur de Bourbourg in his Nations civilisées du Méxique, and more emphatically in his Grammaire Quichée, had indicated what he thought a northern incursion before Leif, in certain seeming similarities to the northern tongues of those of Guatemala. Cf. also Nouv. Annales des Voyages, 6th ser., xvi. 263; N. Y. Tribune, Nov. 21, 1855; Bancroft’s Native Races, iii. 762.
[656] De origine gentium Americanarum (1642).
[657] Nouv. Ann. des Voyages, 6th ser., vols. iii. and vi.
[658] In Charnay’s Ruines, etc. (Paris, 1867).
[659] Découverte de l’America par les Normands (Paris, 1864).
[660] H. H. Bancroft, Nat. Races, v. 115-16, gives references on the peopling of America from the northwest of Europe.
[661] Trans. Roy. Soc. Lit., xiv. 1887; also printed separately as Mythology, legends and Folk-lore of the Algonquins. Cf. also his Algonquin Legends of New England (1885). Cf. D. G. Brinton in Amer. Antiquarian, May, 1885.
[662] Mr. Mitchell, of the U. S. Coast Survey, has attended to this part of the subject, and Horsford (p. 28) quotes his MS. He finds on the Massachusetts coast what he thinks a sufficient correspondence to the description of the sagas.