[704] The record is scant in the one called "Secret Domestic Journal." These are described in M. Chamberlain's Authentication, etc., p. 17.
[705] In Jefferson's Writings, i. 10, 96; Madison Papers (1841), i. 9; Elliot's Debates, vol. i. 60; Read's George Read, 226. There are other accounts in John Adams's Works (i. 227, iii. 30, 55, ix. 418). John Adams's letter to Mercy Warren (1807) is in Frothingham's Rise of the Republic (App.) and in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., xliv. 465.
[706] Works, i. 229, and Mellen Chamberlain's John Adams, the Statesman of the Revolution (Boston, 1884).
[707] Bancroft, viii. ch. 65; Wells's Sam. Adams, ii. ch. 41, 42; Rives's Madison, i. 125; C. F. Adams's John Adams's Works, i. 227; and a brief but clear exposition in Lecky (iii. 498). The reasons for and against the Declaration are summarized in Read's George Read, 226, 247; and Smyth (Lectures, ii. 370) gives from an English point of view the reasons which rendered separation and independence inevitable. The lives of the leading participants—Jefferson, the two Adamses, R. H. Lee, Franklin—necessarily include accounts.
[708] Pitkin's U. S., vi. 263; Penna. Journal, June 19, 1776; Read's Geo. Read, 164; John Adams, ix. 398.
[709] Niles's Weekly Register, xii. 305, etc.; Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., xliv. 507; his letter of June 16, 1817, in App. of Christopher Marshall's Diary, and one of Aug. 22, 1813, in Harper's Mag., 1883, p. 211.
[710] This being sent to a friend in England, thirty copies of the paper were printed under the title of The Declaration of independence, or notes on Lord Mahon's history of the American declaration of independence (London, 1855). The criticism was also printed in Littell's Living Age (xliv. 387).
[711] A copy of it with notes by John Home, the author of Douglas, is in the Philadelphia library.
[712] Cf. Morley, in his Edmund Burke, p. 125. Lord John Russell (Mem. and Corresp. of Fox, i. 152) thinks the truth was warped in charging all upon the king, while in fact "the sovereign and his people were alike prejudiced, angry, and wilful."
[713] Cf. Franklin's Works (Sparks), x. 293; Wells's S. Adams, ii. 340, 360; John Adams's Works, i. 204, ix. 627, and his Familiar Letters, 134, 137, 146; Moore's Diary, i. 208; Jones's N. Y. during the Amer. Rev., i. 63; Force's, Amer. Archives, indexes. A letter from Charleston, S. C., March 17, 1776, says, "Common Sense hath made independents of the majority of the country, and [Christopher] Gadsden is as mad with it as ever he was without it" (Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., xi. 254). On Paine, see Duyckinck, Allibone, Poole's Index, W. B. Reed in No. Amer. Rev., vol. lvii.; J. W. Francis' Old New York, 2d ed., p. 137; Parton's Franklin, ii. 19, 108; N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., October, 1879. See further, on his influence at this time, Frothingham's Rise, etc., 476, 479; Barry's Mass., iii. 89; Randall's Jefferson, i. 137; Bancroft, orig. ed., ch. 56. On the English side, Smyth's Lectures, ii. 430, 446; Mahon, vi. 93; Ryerson, ii. ch. 32. For the Rousseauishness of the sentiments, see Lecky, iv. 51. Louis Rosenthal (Mag. of Amer. Hist., July, 1884, p. 46) thinks we need not go beyond English precedents for any of the sentiments of the day. For the bibliography of Common Sense, See Hildeburn's Issues of the Press in Penna. (1886), nos. 3,433, etc.; Sabin, xiv. p. 124; Menzies Catal., no. 1,536; Brinley, ii. p. 166. It was printed and reprinted in Philadelphia, in English and once in German, and in the same year (1776) reprinted in Salem, Newburyport, Providence, Boston, Norwich, Newport, New York, Charleston, and also in London and Edinburgh, and is included in Paine's Writings (Albany, 1791-92; Charlestown, Mass., 1824; New York, 1835, etc.) A volume of Large Additions to Common Sense (Philad. and London, 1776, etc.) was got up by Robert Bell to extend his edition over that of Paine's then publisher (Hildeburn, no. 3,439; Brinley, ii. no. 4,100). Frothingham (p.476) has a bibliographical note. It is included in a French Recueil des divers écrits of Paine (Paris, 1793).