There is a portrait of Thomas Paine by Peale, engraved by J. Watson (cf. J. C. Smith's Brit. Mez. Portraits, iv. 1529). A likeness by Romney, engraved by William Sharp, in two sizes. There is a portrait in Independence Hall, Philadelphia.
The chief answer was Plain Truth, written by Candidus (Philad. and London, 1776). In the Doc. Hist. N. Y., 4to ed., iii. 642, its authorship by Charles Inglis is thought to be established; but see Franklin Burdge in Mag. of Amer. Hist., ii. 59. Sabin (xv. p. 176) says it was probably by Jos. Galloway; but there is no evidence of it. Hildeburn (no. 3,345) gives reasons for assigning it to George Chalmers. It passed to a second edition.
[714] Bancroft (United States, orig. ed., ix. ch. 15; final ed., v. ch. 9), and G. W. Greene (Hist. View, p. 104) groups the several records.
[715] Rives's Madison, i. ch. 5; Madison's Writings, i. 21; Niles's Principles and Acts, 1876, p. 301; J. E. Cooke in Mag. of Amer. Hist., May, 1884; Preston's Docs. illus. Amer. Hist., p. 206, and Bill of Rights passed June 12, 1776, adopted without alteration by the Convention of 1829-30, and readopted with amendments by the Convention of 1850-51, and now readopted as passed June 12, 1776 (Richmond, 1861; also Journal of the Convention of 1861). On George Mason see R. Taylor in No. Amer. Rev., cxxviii. 148; Southern Bivouac, April, 1886. A portrait is owned by the Penna. Hist. Soc.
[716] Randall's Jefferson, i. ch. 6; Grigsby's discourse on the Convention in 1855.
[717] Cf. the account of its centennial celebration, July 30, 1877, with a view of the old senate house at Kingston, in the Centennial Celebrations of N. Y. (Albany, 1879), and J. A. Stevens's "Birth of the Empire State" in the Mag. of Amer. Hist., iii. p. 1. Also see Ibid., April, 1887, p. 310, and Dawson's West Chester County, pp. 182, 206.
Congress, July 1, 1782, passed votes for perpetuating the observance of the day (Journals, iv. 43). A famous letter of John Adams to his wife, dated July 3d, and predicting that the future observance would be of July 2d as the essential day, was so far altered as to be dated July 5th when first printed, in order to keep the prophecy true to the custom, which by that time had designated July 4th as the day to be observed (Familiar Letters, p. 190; Works, ix. 420). A letter of Adams to Judge Dawes on this point is in Niles's Principles, etc. (1876), p. 328. Cf. Potter's American Monthly, Dec., 1875.
[718] The Report of a Constitution or Form of Government for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: agreed upon by the Committee—to be laid before the Convention of Delegates, assembled at Cambridge, on the First Day of September, A. D. 1779, and continued by adjournment to the Twenty-eighth Day of October following (Boston, 1779). Cf. also A Constitution or Frame of Government agreed upon by the Delegates of the People of the State of Massachusetts Bay, in Convention begun and held at Cambridge on the First of September, 1779, and continued by adjournment to the Second of March, 1780. To be submitted to the Revision of their Constituents &c. (Boston, 1779), and An Address of the Convention for Framing a new Constitution of Government for the State of Massachusetts Bay, to their Constituents (Boston, 1780). Cf. also Parsons's Life of Theophilus Parsons, p. 46; Brooks Adams's Emancipation of Massachusetts, p. 307.
[719] Cf. Dr. Charles Deane's report on this document in Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., v. 88. The Hon. Alexander H. Bullock read a paper before the Amer. Antiq. Society in April, 1881, which was printed as The Centennial of the Mass. Constitution (Worcester, 1881), and the Proceedings of the N. E. Hist. Geneal. Society in commemoration were also printed, and embodied a report of the proceedings of the State authorities.
[720] The Articles of Confederation can be found in Elliot's Debates, i. 79; Ramsay's Rev. in So. Carolina, i. 437; Hinman's Conn. in the Rev., 103; George Tucker's United States, i. App., p. 636; L. H. Porter's Outlines of the Constitutional Hist. of the U. S., p. 48; Walker's Statesman's Manual (New York, 1849), i. p. 1; New Hampshire State Papers, viii. 747; N. C. Towle's Hist. and Analysis of the Constitution of the U. S. (Boston, 1871), p. 328; Lossing's Field-Book, ii. 859; H. W. Preston's Documents illustrating Amer. Hist. (1886), p. 218, etc. For the debates and contemporary and later views, see John Adams's Works, i. 268, ii. 492, ix. 467; Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., xliv. 315; Wells's Sam. Adams, ii. 473, 480; Bancroft, ix. 436; Hildreth, iii. 266; Parton's Franklin, ii. 125; Frothingham's Rise of the Republic, 569; Pitkin's United States; Story (i. 209) and Curtis (i. 114) on the Constitution; Elliot's Debates, i. 70; Von Holst's Constitutional Hist. of the U. S., ch. 1; Rives's Madison, i. ch. 10; Greene's Hist. View, 14; Draper's Civil War, i. 265, etc.