[901] Gordon (ii. 398); Bancroft (ix. 248); Dawson (ch. 17); Carrington (ch. 41); Irving's Washington (ii. 477); Johnston's Campaign of 1776 (p. 293,—quoting from a Rhode Island officer's statement in Stiles's diary). G. W. P. Custis's Recollections (ch. 3).
[902] The narrative of George Inman is in the Pa. Mag. of Hist., vii. 240; and he tempers on some points the assertions of Stedman.
Upon Howe's evacuation of New Jersey and the sluggishness of his subsequent movements, see Sparks's Washington (iv.); Bancroft (ix. ch. 20); Graydon's Memoirs; Green's Greene: Graham's Morgan; Life of Timothy Pickering, i.; Irving's Washington, iii. ch. 8; Eelking's Hülfstruppen; Lecky, iv. 58. Cf. Journal of Capt. Rodney in Campaign of 1776, Doc. 158, and the Journal of Capt. John Montresor (N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1881, p. 420; and in part in Pa. Mag. of Hist., v. and vi.). Howe's losses, Aug.-Dec., 1776, are tabulated in the War in America (Dublin, 1779). The campaign is examined in Gen. Carrington's Strategic Relations of New Jersey to the War of Amer. Independence (Newark, 1885).
[903] The principal controversial tracts upon the charges of incompetency preferred against Howe are these: The Narrative of Lieut.-Gen. Howe relative to his Conduct during his late command in North America (London, 1780, several eds.). Letters to a nobleman on the Conduct of the War in the middle Colonies, (London, 1780, various eds.). Howe replied in Observations; and this led to a Reply to the Observations (London, 1781). Another severe critic appeared in Two letters from Agricolas to Sir William Howe (London, 1779). Galloway was sharp in his Examination. The loyalists felt Howe's shortcomings poignantly, as they prolonged, as was thought, their exile (Life of Peter Van Shaack, 167). The contemporary historians, like Murray and Gordon, did not spare him. The later ones, like Andrews (ii. ch. 26), Adolphus (ii. ch. 31), Smyth (Lectures, no. 34), were quite as severe. The American historians have not disputed the adverse conclusion (Marshall, Bancroft, Irving, etc.). Cf. Sargent's André, ch. 7, and a note in his Stansbury and Odell, 137. The current story that the charms of Mrs. Loring paralyzed the English general finds occasional record (John Bernard's Recoll. of America, N. Y., 1887, p. 60). On General Howe's lineage, as affecting his characteristics, see General Sir William Howe's Orderly-Book, 1775-1776, etc., collected by B. F. Stevens, with hist. introd. by Edw. E. Hale (London, 1884); also Dawson's Westchester, p. 217.
[904] Jones, i. 187, 252, 256, 714; ii. 431.
[905] The charge of treason is also disputed (Hist. Mag., v. 53). Cf. G. W. Greene's Gen. Greene, i. 385; his Historical View, 62, 265; Lossing in Mag. of Amer. Hist., July, 1879, p. 450.
[906] Cf. W. T. Read in the Hist. Mag., July, 1871, p. 1. Cf. Gordon; Penna. Archives, 1st and 2d series; Reed's Reed, i. ch. 15, 16; Drake's Knox, 43; Greene's Greene; Irving's Washington, iii. ch. 18, 19; Hamilton's Republic, i. ch. 10; Mahon, in the main just; histories of Pennsylvania; McSherry's Maryland, ch. 11; Quincy's Shaw, ch. 3; Evelyns in America, 302. For political aspects, Wells's Sam. Adams, ii. ch. 44; Lee's R. H. Lee; Adams's John Adams.
[907] Hutchinson, in London, seems to have thought Boston the object of the campaign (Mem. Hist. Boston, iii. 165; Adams's Familiar Letters, 286; Hutchinson's Diaries, ii. 152). James Lovell writes from Philadelphia, July 29, 1777, that Howe seems bound up the Delaware; but he warns his friends in New England that his present movements may be undertaken to cloak an ultimate design upon the New England coast (Charles Lowell MSS.).
[908] J. F. Tuttle's Washington at Morristown, in Harper's Mag., xviii. 289; Potter's Amer. Monthly, v. 665.
[909] There are in the Persifer Frazer papers (Sparks MSS., xxi.) some letters from the Mount Pleasant camp, near Bound Brook and Morristown, in June and July, 1777. For the British movements at this time, cf. the journal in Scull's Evelyns in America, p. 328.