[910] Sparks, iv. 442, 453, 501, 505; v. 42; Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., xliv.; Greene's Greene, i. 400, 429; N. H. State Papers, viii. 620.
[911] N. H. State Papers, viii. 652, 653; Adams's Familiar letters, 294; Heath Papers in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., p. 71. Howe's Narrative gives his reason for not going up the Delaware.
[912] Various papers relating to the raid and the inquiry are in the Sparks MSS., no. liv. For the inquiry, see also the N. H. State Papers, viii. 704. A diary of Andrew Lee is in the Penna. Mag. of Hist., iii. 167. The current American and British accounts are in Moore's Diary, i. 482.
[913] Hamilton's Works, vii. 519; N. H. State Papers, viii. 673; Jones's New York, ii. 431. His advance is followed in Futhey's Paoli address, and in his notes as printed in the Penna. Mag. of Hist. Cf. also Montresor's journal.
[914] The orders of march are recorded in W. T. R. Saffell's Records of the Rev. War (p. 333), and John Adams's account of the march through Philadelphia is in his Familiar Letters. A sermon preached on the eve of the battle of Brandywine, by Rev. Jacob Trout, Sept. 10th, is given in L. M. Post's Personal Recoll. of the Amer. Rev. (1839,—App.) Penna. Hist. Soc. Coll., i.; Mag. Amer. Hist., March, 1885, p. 281 (fac-simile). Confidence prevailed in Philadelphia that Howe could be beaten. Shippen letters in N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., 1864, p. 32.
[915] Washington, vol. v. App. p. 456. Some confusion has arisen from the fact that the ford called Buffenton's at a later day was not the one so known at the time of the battle, and there are in the Sparks MSS. (lii. vol. iii.) some letters upon this point from William B. Reed (with a small pen-map) and Alfred Elwyn.
There has been some question upon the responsibility of Sullivan for the defeat; but Washington asked to be allowed to suspend the execution of the orders of Congress, withdrawing Sullivan from the army. Bancroft (ix. 395) has been the chief accuser of late, and T. C. Amory, in his Mil. Services of Gen. Sullivan (pp. 45, 50), the principal defender. Sullivan's letter to Congress, Sept. 27th, which Bancroft (ix. 397) considers "essential to a correct understanding of the battle", is in N. H. Hist. Coll., ii. 208; Dawson, i. 279; Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., Dec., 1866, p. 407; his letter of vindication, Nov. 5th, is in N. H. State Papers, viii. 743. A copy of Sullivan's defence (Nov. 9, 1777) is among the Langdon Papers, and is copied in the Sparks MSS. (lii. vol. ii. p. 199). The counter-arguments of the case are examined in the Penna. Hist. Soc. Bulletin, vol. i. Read's George Read, 273, questions Sullivan's vigilance. Cf. Sparks's Washington, v. 108, 456, for the charges against Sullivan. Bancroft also criticises the conduct of Greene, and Geo. W. Greene (Life of Greene, i. 447, 453; ii. 460) defends that general.
[916] Cf. Reed's Reed, i. ch. 15; Read's George Read; Lee's War in the Southern Dep't., 16; Muhlenberg's Muhlenberg, ch. 3, and the Bland Papers. For special treatment, see Carrington, ch. 50; Dawson, ch. 24; the account by Joseph Townsend, and the sketch by J. S. Bowen and J. S. Futhey, in Penna. Hist. Soc. Bull., i., where various essential documents are printed; H. M. Jenkins in Lippincott's Mag., xxx. 329; Potter's Amer. Monthly, vii. 94. There are local aspects in Smith's Delaware County, p. 305, and Lewis's Chester County. The services of John Shreve, of the New Jersey line, are told in Mag. Amer. Hist. (1879), iii. 565. The widow of a wounded guide, Francis Jacobs, applied for a pension as late as 1858 (Senate Repts., no. 213, 35th Cong., 1st sess.). Washington's headquarters are shown in Smith's Del. County, p. 304, and Penna. Hist. Soc. Proc., i.; and Lafayette's in Smith, 310. A view of the field is given in Day's Hist. Coll. Penna., p. 213.
Accounts more or less general are in Gordon, Irving (iii. ch. 18), Lossing, Gay (iii. 543), Thaddeus Allen's Origination of the Amer. Union; Hollister's Conn., ii. ch. 16; Mag. Amer. Hist., ii. 310. Washington seems to have been poorly informed about the country, and to have relied on false intelligence.
[917] The Journal of Capt. John Montresor, July 1, 1777, to July 1, 1778, edited by G. D. Scull, is in Penna. Mag. Hist., v. 393; vi. 34, 189, 284, 295, with corrections, 372. There are letters in Scull's Evelyns in America, 244; Moore's Laurens Correspondence, 52; and others from Gen. Fitzpatrick in Walpole's Letters.