[Edition:] Cockayne, O., Þe Liflade of St. Juliana (parallel texts with translations). E. E. T. S., O. S. 51.
[Literature:] Backhaus, O., Über die Quelle der mittelenglischen Legende von der heiligen Juliane und ihr Verhältnis zu Cynewulfs Juliana, Halle, 1899; Einenkel, E., see [p. 493]; Stodte, H., see [p. 493]; Stratmann, F. H., ES iv. 94 (emendations).
[Phonology:] This has been sufficiently described at [pp. 493-9]: a few forms call for comment. (1) in R. a: þeauien 102 has å-umlaut. æ: awakenin 55 (āwacenian), pal 36, hauene 135, if descended from hæfen, have a for æ; ea appears in breas 118, feader 3. e: heolen 43, speoken 59, toteoren 63, weolen 54, seotel 114 have å- or u-umlaut of e; sutelin 98 descends from swutol with u-umlaut of i and loss of w as in suster; hatterliche 91 is elsewhere in SJ heatterliche, probably representing u-umlaut of *hator; comp. hatol, hetol; unweommet 28, 120, 133 shows rounding of e to [ö] between labials; bitild 36, OE. beteldan, comp. ‘tilden’ 82/110, ‘bitillen,’ L 27852, perhaps owes i for e to tilian; sulliche 48 comes from syllic. i: neomen 45 has å-umlaut of i. y: unduhti 18 represents dyhtig. ā: lechnunge 23 follows lǣcnian, the OE. noun is lācnung. ǣ1 is e in lefdi 7, erndunge 8, unmeð 17, wreððen 78, wreððede 46, and a in wraðði 42 instead of the normal ea; the adverb eisweis 68 (also in SM 13/26, MS. R, but eanies weis, MS. B) corresponds to ǣniges weges. ǣ2 is exceptionally ea in forreadeð 96, reade 55; leoten 63 is imitative of words with umlaut like beoren, eoten (Bonner Beiträge, xv. 128). ea before r + cons. is a in harmen 107; the i-umlaut is e in merrið 104, sumchere 21 (cierr): the i-umlaut of ea before l + cons. is absent in afal 137, which is in form āfeallan, fall, in meaning āfiellan, fell; for healden 118 see 359/7. eo before r + cons. is a in darc 122, perhaps the earliest instance of this spelling; the i-umlaut is seen in iȝirnd 34, firsin 86 (but see Bülbring, § 187 anm. on Anglian firr). For ȝeouen see 359/34; geond is ȝont 35. ēa is e in les 75, but lease 135, e in ȝet 93 descends from gēt beside the normal gēat; the adverb gēara is ȝare 83. The i-umlaut of ēo is seen in derure 90; strupen 91 descends from *strȳpan; hei[e]nde 17, as if from *hegan; the Anglian form is hēan. a + g: for dreihen 122, see 360/13. æ + g: in fehere 104 (fægerra) the spirant is retained; comp. ‘feȝerest,’ L 29485, but feire 53. e + g final: tintreg is tintreow 98. sy 54, with y written for i, represents sige; ‘syge’ in L 17409. ȳ + g: druifot 137, with ui for long u. ea + h: waxen 55, iseh 22. eo + h: mix 96 (Anglian). ēo + g: lihinde 7.
duheðe 18 represents duguð: e is added in fuheles 63, liðeri 92: m is lost in limel 67 (lim mǣlum), f in leowinde 95 (lēofwende); t occurs often for final d, after mit for mid or miþ, þin becomes tin 52. For the stop c, ch appears to be written in senchtest 137. The loss of g in list 43 is OE. (līst for ligst). h is added in selhðe 54; nest 129 is Anglian nēst, WS. nīehst: es 100 has lost initial h, so im in ichim 85.
(2) in B. Many of those noticed in R occur in B also; other forms in B only are, chearre 166 (cierran), see 359/4: neolechin 43 represents a by-form nēolǣcan, while nehlechen R 31 comes from the normal nēahlǣcan: lattow 170 is OE. lāttēow. ch in wlech 151 (wlæc) is due to the influence of wlæce (Björkman, 148).
[Accidence:] (1) of R. were 79 has added e in the nom. cun s. d. 11 is exceptionally without inflection, comp. cunne 19. fetles 97 is a contracted plural; OE. fǣtels, pl. fǣtelsas, occasionally fǣtels. aldrene 14, dahene 117 are weak pl. gen. The dual pronoun occurs in inc pl. d. 107. urne 119 is pt. s. subj. from irnan. The contracted þrof 59, the prepositions ine 16, bimong 132, for which see 398/97, are characteristic of the group.
(2) Of B. burhene 72, folkene 57 are possibly weak pl. genitives, like aldrene, dahene above, but they are more probably adjectives formed on the analogy of words in -en, like cristen, from nouns. For leoflukest 82, see 125/270.
[Vocabulary:] Scandinavian are bistaðet bisteaðet, crokes, derf, feolahes, lahe, lufte, liðin, menske; probably ihondsald, lustnin, truste; possibly ȝeien, hauene, keiser: in R only, baðen, derfliche; possibly trukeneð: in B only, feolahscipe, ilated, menskin, witere. French are ciclatun, furneise, leuns liuns, maumez mawmez, misspelt mawmex 144/97, purpre, rente, seinte: in R only, cumseð (commencer), serui, tur (MS. reading 140/36), uie: in B only, cendals, eoli.
[Dialect:] See [p. 503].
[Introduction:] For style and authorship see [pp. 504-6]. The author states, 139/7, that he translated from a Latin source. The Life of S. Juliana, printed in Acta Sanctorum under Feb. 16th, is pronounced by Backhaus not to be the immediate source of SJ, because when compared with it the English shows considerable omissions, additions, and divergences. Yet SJ stands in about the same relationship to that Latin text as SK does to what is generally regarded as its original and as Sawles Warde does to the treatise of Hugh of S. Victor (p. 493). The author of these pieces is no mere translator, but an adapter who weaves other matter into his free imitation of his originals. He was apparently unacquainted with Cynewulf’s Juliana. Grau (Morsbachs Studien, xxxi. 157) shows that the earlier writer also introduces ideas into his poem which had been used by him in other works.