The Circle of Knowledge: A Classified, Simplified, Visualized Book of Answers

by Unknown

• GEORGES LÉOPOLD CHRÉTIEN FRÉDERIC DAGOBERT CUVIER, French naturalist (1769-1832).
• Thomas Young, English physicist (1773-1829).
• Elessandro Volta, Italian physicist (1745-1827).
• Marquis Pierre Simon de Laplace, French astronomer and mathematician (1749-1827).
• Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck, French naturalist (1744-1829).
• Michael Faraday, English physicist (1791-1867).
• Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (1748-1836).
• Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist (1778-1841).
• John James Audubon, American ornithologist (1780-1851).
• Baron Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist (1769-1859).
• Sir Humphrey Davy, English chemist (1778-1829).
• Matthew Fontaine Maury, American hydrographer (1806-1873).
• Asa Gray, American botanist (1810-1888).
• Louis Agassiz, naturalist (1807-1873).
• August Weismann, German naturalist (1834- ——).
• Maria Mitchell, American astronomer (1818-1889).
• Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, German naturalist (1834- ——).
• HERMANN LUDWIG FERDINAND HELMHOLTZ, German physicist, anatomist and physiologist (1821-1894).
• Thomas Henry Huxley, English naturalist (1825-1895).
• LORD KELVIN (William Thompson), British physicist (1824-1907).
• James Prescott Joule, English physicist (1818-1889).
• Gustav Theodor Fechner, German physicist, philosopher, writer (1801-1887).
• John Tyndall, British physicist (1820-1893).
• LOUIS PASTEUR, French chemist (1822-1895).
• CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN, English naturalist (1809-1882).
• Baron Justus von Liebig, German chemist (1803-1873).
• Cesare Lombroso, Italian criminalogist, (1836-1909).
• Martin Lister, English naturalist and physician (1827-1912).
• Caroline Lucretia Herschel, Anglo-German astronomer (1750-1848).
• Pierre Charles L’Enfant, French military engineer (1755-1825).
• Johannes Müller, German physiologist (1801-1858).
• Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (1800-1882).
• Henry Augustus Rowland, American physicist (1848-1901).
• Nathaniel Southgate Shaler, American geologist (1841-1906).
• Simon Newcomb, American astronomer (1835-1909).
• Wilhelm Max Wundt, German physiologist (1832-1916).
• D. I. Mendeleeff, Russian chemist (1834-1907).
• J. H. van ’t Hoff, Dutch chemist (1852-1911).
• Elie Metchnikoff, Russian bacteriologist (1845-1916).
• Robert Koch, German physician (1843-1910).
• Francis Galton, British anthropologist (1822-1911).
• Julius von Sachs, German botanist (1832-1897).
• Sir Michael Foster, British physiologist (1834-1907).
• S(ilas) Weir Mitchell, American neurologist (1829-1914).

• Eli Whitney, American inventor of the cotton gin (1765-1825).
• SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE, American artist and inventor (1791-1872).
• GEORGE STEPHENSON, English perfecter of the locomotive engine (1781-1848).
• Alfred Krupp, German manufacturer of iron and steel (1810-1887).
• Henry Bessemer, English engineer and inventor (1813-1898).
• George H. Corliss, American machinist and inventor (1820-1888).
• Elias Howe, American inventor of the sewing-machine (1819-1867).
• Ernst Werner Siemens, German physicist, inventor, manufacturer (1816-1892).
• Robert Stephenson, English engineer (1803-1859).
• Viscount Ferdinand de Lesseps, French engineer of the Suez Canal (1805-1894).
• Alfred Bernard Nobel, Swedish physicist and chemist (1833-1896).
• Cyrus Hall McCormick, American inventor and manufacturer of harvesters (1809-1884).
• James M. Smithson, English philanthropist (1765-1829).
• Stephen Girard, American merchant and philanthropist (1750-1831).
• Ezra Cornell, American capitalist and philanthropist (1807-1874).
• George Peabody, American merchant and philanthropist (1795-1869).
• William Wilson Corcoran, American philanthropist (1798-1888).
• James Lick, American philanthropist (1796-1876).
• Johns Hopkins, American capitalist and philanthropist (1795-1873).
• Cornelius Vanderbilt, American capitalist and philanthropist (1794-1877).
• Paul Tulane, American philanthropist (1801-1887).
• Philip Danforth Armour, American philanthropist (1832-1901).
• Leland Stanford, railroad constructor, senator and philanthropist (1824-1893).
• Lord Donald Alexander Smith Strathcona and Mount Royal, Canadian capitalist and philanthropist (1820-1914).
• John Pierpont Morgan, American financier (1837-1913).
• Marshall Field, American merchant and philanthropist (1835-1906).
• James J(erome) Hill, American railway president (1838-1916).
• Robert Falcon Scott, English Antarctic explorer (1868-1912).
• Wilbur Wright, American inventor and aeronaut (1867-1912).

• Pope Benedict XV., Giacomo Della Chiesa (1854- ——).
• Cardinal James Gibbons, American Roman Catholic prelate (1834- ——).
• Cardinal William Henry O’Connell, American Roman Catholic prelate (1859- ——).
• Cardinal John Murphy Farley, American Roman Catholic prelate (1842- ——).
• William Ashley Sunday, American evangelist (1863- ——).

• Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (1835- ——).
• Claude Debussy, (1862- ——).
• Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer (1858- ——).
• Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (1840- ——).
• Sir E. W. Elgar, English composer (1857- ——).
• Piero Mascagni, Italian operatic composer (1863- ——).
• J. S. Sargent, American painter (1856- ——).
• Lorado Taft, American sculptor (1860- ——).
• Philip Martiny, American sculptor (1858- ——).
• William Hamo Thornycroft, English sculptor (1850- ——).
• George Grey Barnard, American sculptor (1863- ——).
• Daniel Chester French, American sculptor (1850- ——).
• Richard Strauss, German musical composer (1864- ——).
• J. F. L. Bonnat, French painter (1833- ——).
• Gutzon Borglum (John Gutzon de la Mothe), American sculptor (1867- ——).
• Frederick (William) MacMonnies, American sculptor (1863- ——).

• Theodore Roosevelt, American author, publicist and twenty-sixth president of the United States (1858- ——).
• Arthur James Balfour, British statesman, philosophical writer (1848- ——).
• William II., third German emperor (1859- ——).
• David Lloyd George, British statesman (1863- ——).
• Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Canadian statesman (1841- ——).
• Robert Laird Borden, prime minister of Canada (1854- ——).
• Viscount Horatio Herbert Kitchener, British general (1850-1916).
• Wilhelmina, queen of Holland (1880- ——).
• Theodore von Bethmann-Hollweg, German statesman and Imperial Chancellor (1856- ——).
• Alfonso XIII., king of Spain (1886- ——).
• Woodrow Wilson, American publicist, twenty-eighth president of the United States (1856- ——).
• Edward Douglass White, American jurist (1845- ——).
• Elihu Root, publicist, ex-secretary of state (1845- ——).
• William Jennings Bryan, American publicist, ex-secretary of state (1860- ——).
• Henry Cabot Lodge, historian, publicist (1850- ——).
• Robert Marion LaFollette, American political reformer, publicist (1855- ——).
• Field Marshall von Hindenburg, German general (1847- ——).
• Field Marshal Joffre, French general (1853- ——).

• Gabriele d’Annunzio, Italian poet and dramatist (1864- ——).
• Hermann Sudermann, German dramatist (1857- ——).
• Edmond Rostand, French dramatist (1864- ——).
• Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian novelist and dramatist (1862- ——).
• Gerhard Hauptmann, German dramatist (1862- ——).
• Perez Galdos, Spanish poet (1845- ——).
• Pierre Loti (L. Viaud), French traveler and writer (1850- ——).
• Anatole France, French novelist (1844- ——).
• Mrs. Humphry Ward, English novelist (1851- ——).
• T. Hall Caine, English novelist (1853- ——).
• John Galsworthy, British poet (1867- ——).
• Rudyard Kipling, British poet and novelist (1865- ——).
• Anthony Hope Hawkins, British novelist (1863- ——).
• George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist and writer (1856- ——).
• J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and dramatist (1860- ——).
• James Bryce, British historian and diplomat (1838- ——).
• Thomas Hardy, British novelist (1840- ——).
• Frederic Harrison, English essayist (1841- ——).
• William Dean Howells, American novelist (1837- ——).
• Rabindranath Tagore, Indian poet (1861- ——).

• Charles William Eliot, American educator (1834- ——).
• Rudolf Eucken, German philosopher (1846- ——).
• George Herbert Palmer, American moralist (1842- ——).
• William DeWitt Hyde, educator and philosopher (1858- ——).
• John Dewey, American educational psychologist (1859- ——).
• George Trumbull Ladd, American psychologist (1842- ——).

• Sir J. J. Thomson, British physicist (1856- ——).
• S. Arrhenius, Swedish chemist (1859- ——).
• Nikola Tesla, American electrician and inventor (1857- ——).
• Sir Oliver Lodge, English physicist (1851- ——).
• Sir Wm. Ramsay, British chemist (1852- ——).
• James Geikie, British geologist (1839- ——).
• Sir Arch. Geikie, British geologist (1835- ——).
• Sir Wm. Crookes, British physicist (1832- ——).
• Luther Burbank, American plant breeder (1849- ——).
• Ira Remsen, American chemist (1846- ——).
• Theodore William Richards, American chemist (1868- ——).
• Albert Abraham Mitchelson, German-American physicist (1852- ——).
• Simon Flexner, American physician (1863- ——).
• Theobald Smith, American pathologist (1859- ——).
• David Starr Jordan, zoologist, sociologist (1851- ——).

• Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the speaking telephone (1847- ——).
• Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor (1847- ——).
• G. Marconi, Italian inventor of wireless telegraph (1875- ——).
• K. W. Röntgen (1845- ——).
• Andrew Carnegie, American capitalist and philanthropist (1835- ——).
• Emile Berliner, German-American inventor (1851- ——).
• Henry Ford, American automobile manufacturer (1863- ——).
• William Randolph Hearst, publicist and newspaper publisher (1863- ——).
• First Baron Alfred Charles William Harmsworth Northcliffe, English newspaper proprietor (1865- ——).
• Orville Wright, American inventor and aeronaut (1871- ——).
• Captain Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer and navigator (1872- ——).
• Robert Edwin Peary, American arctic explorer and officer U. S. N. (1856- ——).
• Phebe Apperson Hearst (née Apperson), American philanthropist (1842- ——).

Centuries	Religion and Moral Reform Founders of Systems, Great Leaders, Heads of Religious Bodies, Moral and Humane Reformers	Fine Arts Architects, Sculptors, Painters, Musicians	Government Rulers, Military Leaders, Statesmen, Publicists, Diplomats, Jurists
14th Cent. A. D. 1300 A. D. to 1400 A. D.	...	...	Charles V., the Wise, (1337-1380). John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III. (1340-1399). Edward III., king of England (1312-1377). Tamerlane (Timur), Mongol conqueror (1336?-1405). Casimir III., the Great, king of Poland (reigned from 1333, died 1370).
15th Cent. A. D. 1400 A. D. to 1500 A. D.	Girolamo Savonarola, Italian religious reformer (1452-1498).	Filippo Brunelleschi, Italian architect and sculptor (1377-1444). LEONARDO DA VINCI, Florentine painter (1452-1519). Bramante d’Urbino (Donato Lazari), Italian architect of St. Peter’s (1444-1514). Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (1447-1515).	Jeanne d’Arc (Joan of Arc), French heroine (1411?-1431). Cosmo I. de’Medici, Chief of the Florentine Republic (1389-1464). Ferdinand V. of Castile, II. of Aragon, III. of Naples, II. of Sicily, founder of the Spanish monarchy (1452-1516).
16th Cent. A. D. 1500 A. D. to 1600 A. D.	SAINT IGNATIUS DE LOYOLA, Spanish founder of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) (1491-1556). MARTIN LUTHER, leader of the German reformation (1483-1546). Philip Melanchthon, German Lutheran reformer (1497-1560). Ulrich Zwingle, Swiss reformer (1484-1531). JOHN CALVIN, French theologian (1509-1564). Jacobus Arminius, Dutch theologian (1560-1609). John Knox, Scotch religious reformer (1505-1572). Faustus Socinus, Italian theologian (1539-1604).	Albrecht Durer, German painter and engraver (1471-1528). Antonio Allegri da Correggio, Italian painter (1494-1534). TITIAN, or Tiziano Vecellio, Venetian painter (1477-1576). RAPHAEL SANZIO, or Santi d’Urbino, Italian painter (1483-1520). MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI, Italian painter, sculptor, architect and poet (1474-1563).	Hernando Cortez, Spanish conqueror of Mexico (1485-1547?). Thomas Wolsey, cardinal minister of Henry VIII. (1471-1530). Nicolo di Bernardo dei Macchiavelli, Italian statesman and author (1469-1527). Johan van Olden Barneveldt, Dutch statesman (1547-1619). Henry VIII., king of England (1491-1547). Henry IV., king of France and of Navarre (1553-1610). Elizabeth, queen of England (1533-1603). Francis I., king of France (1494-1547). CHARLES V., emperor of Germany and king of Spain (1500-1558).
17th Cent. A. D. 1600 A. D. to 1700 A. D.	Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, French prelate, pulpit orator, author (1627-1704). Cornelius Jansen, Dutch theologian (1585-1638).	BARTOLOMÉ ESTÉBAN MURILLO, Spanish painter (1618-1682). PAUL HARMENS REMBRANDT VAN RYN, Dutch painter (1607-1669). Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter (1577-1640). DIEGO RODRIGUEZ DE SILVAY VELASQUEZ, Spanish painter (1599-1660). Sir Christopher Wren, English architect (1632-1723).	HUGO GROTIUS, or De Groot, Dutch jurist (1583-1645). Sir Edward Coke, lord chief-justice of England (1549-1634). ARMAND JEAN DUPLESSIS DE RICHELIEU, cardinal and duke, French statesman (1585-1642). OLIVER CROMWELL, lord protector of the English commonwealth (1599-1658). Count Johann Tserclaes von Tilly, German general in the Thirty Years’ War (1559-1632). Count Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein, Austrian general (1583-1634). Duke of Marlborough (John Churchill), English general (1650-1722). William III. (prince of Orange), king of Great Britain, stadtholder of the Netherlands (1650-1702). Christina, queen of Sweden (1626-1689). Marten Harpertzoon van Tromp, Dutch admiral (1597-1653). Vicomte Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne de Turenne, marshal of France (1611-1672). William Penn, English Quaker, founder of Pennsylvania (1644-1718).
			Cardinal Jules, or Giulio, Mazarin, prime minister of Louis XIV. (1602-1661). Louis II., Prince de Conde, French general (1621-1686). Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden (1594-1632). Louis XIV. the Great, king of France (1638-1715).
18th Cent. A. D. 1700 A. D. to 1800 A. D.	JOHN WESLEY, English founder of Methodism (1703-1791). Jonathan Edwards, American theologian, metaphysician (1703-1758). George Whitefield, evangelist and one of the founders of Methodism (1714-1770).	GEORG FRIEDRICH HANDEL, German musical composer (1685-1759). Philip Van Dyck, Dutch painter (1680-1752). Johann Sebastian Bach German composer and musician (1685-1750). JOHANN CHRYSOSTONUS WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART, German musical composer (1756-1791). Joseph Haydn, German musical composer (1732-1809). Sir Joshua Reynolds, English portrait painter (1723-1792).	PETER I. (Alexeievitch), the Great, czar of Russia (1672-1725). Charles XII., king of Sweden and Norway (1682-1718). Prince Eugene of Savoy, Austrian general (1663-1736). GEORGE WASHINGTON, general and first president of the United States (1732-1799). William Pitt, first Earl of Chatham, English statesman (1708-1778). THOMAS JEFFERSON, third president of the United States (1743-1826). FREDERICK II., the Great, Prussian general and emperor (1712-1786). Alexander Hamilton, American lawyer and statesman (1757-1804). Robert Clive, first Lord, British general and statesman (1725-1774). Adam Smith, Scottish political economist (1723-1790). Anne, queen of England (1664-1714). Catherine II., empress of Russia (1729-1796).
			George Jacques Danton, French revolutionist (1759-1794). Marquis Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier de Lafayette, or La Fayette, French general and patriot (1757-1834). Jean Paul Marat, French revolutionist (1744-1793). Maximilien Joseph Marie Isidore de Robespierre, French revolutionist (1758-1794). Thaddeus (Tadeusz) Kosciusko, Polish patriot (1746?-1817). Francis I., emperor of Germany (1708-1765). Lord Horatio Nelson, English admiral (1758-1805). Maria Theresa, empress of Austria (1717-1780). Charles James Fox, English statesman and orator (1749-1806).
19th Cent. A. D. 1800 A. D. to 1900 A. D.	William Ellery Channing, American divine and author (1780-1842). James Martineau, Unitarian divine and author (1807-1878). Theodore Parker, American theologian and scholar (1810-1860). Henry Ward Beecher, American preacher, writer and orator (1813-1887). Charles Grandison Finney, evangelist and theologian (1792-1875). Dwight Lyman Moody, evangelist (1837-1899). Charles Haddon Spurgeon, English pulpit-orator (1834-1892). Clara Barton, promoter American Red Cross (1830-1912). Frances Elizabeth Willard, temperance reformer (1839-1898). Mary Baker Glover Eddy, founder of Christian Science (1821-1910). Brigham Young, American Mormon leader (1801-1877). Joseph Smith, founder of the sect of Mormons (1805-1844) John Henry Newman, English theologian and author (1801-1890).	LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN, German musical composer (1770-1827). Franz Schubert, German composer (1797-1828). Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor (1757-1822). Jean Baptiste Camille Corot, French landscape painter (1796-1875). Bertel Thorwaldsen, Danish sculptor (1770-1844). Jean Dominique Auguste Ingres, French painter (1781-1867). Frederic François Chopin, Polish pianist and musical composer (1810-1849). James Abbott M’Neill Whistler, American-English painter (1834-1903). Robert Schumann, German musical composer (1815-1856). RICHARD WAGNER, German musical composer (1813-1883). Johannes Brahms, German composer (1833-1897). Giuseppe Verdi, Italian musical composer (1814-1901) Théodore Rousseau, French painter (1812-1867).	JOHN MARSHALL, American jurist and statesman (1755-1835). Andrew Jackson, general and seventh president of the United States (1767-1845). Henry Clay, American statesman and orator (1777-1852). Arthur Wellesley Wellington, first Duke of, British general and statesman (1769-1852). John Caldwell Calhoun, American statesman (1782-1850). Prince Clemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar von Metternich, Austrian statesman (1773-1859). Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, Prince of Benevento, French diplomatist (1754-1838). Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, Italian statesman (1810-1861). ABRAHAM LINCOLN, sixteenth president of the United States (1809-1865). David Glascoe Farragut, American admiral (1801-1870). ROBERT EDWARD LEE, American Confederate general (1807-1870). Napoleon III. (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte), emperor of the French (1808-1873).
	Phillips Brooks, American pulpit orator (1835-1893).	Hector Berlioz, French musical composer (1803-1869). Louise Marie Elisabeth Lebrun (born Vigée), French painter (1755-1842). Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, German composer (1809-1847). Mariano Fortuny, Spanish painter (1839-1874). Anton Rubenstein, Russian composer and pianist (1829-1894). Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist and composer (1811-1886). Peter Ilyitch Tschaikowsky, Russian musical composer (1840-1893). Charles François Daubigny, French painter (1817-1878). John Constable, English landscape painter (1776-1837). Eugéne Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (1814-1879). Karl Begas, German painter (1794-1854). Rosalie Bonheur, French painter (1822-1899).	Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield, English statesman and novelist (1804-1880). ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, general and eighteenth president of the United States (1822-1885). Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish parliamentarian (1846-1891). William Ewart Gladstone, English statesman (1820-1898). PRINCE OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD BISMARCK, German statesman (1814-1898). Richard Cobden, English statesman and economist (1804-1865). Giuseppe Mazzini, Italian patriot and revolutionist (1805-1872). Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot (1807-1882). Léon Gambetta, French statesman (1838-1882). John Bright, English orator and statesman (1811-1889). Louis Kossuth, Hungarian orator and statesman (1802-1894). Cecil John Rhodes, British statesman (1853-1902).
		Thomas Ustick Walter, American architect (1804-1887). Jean François Millet, painter (1814-1875). Antoine Louis Barye, French sculptor (1795-1875). Karl Theodore Francis Bitter, Austro-American sculptor (1867-1916). Johann Gottfried Schadow, German sculptor (1764-1850). Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, animal painter (1802-1873). Sir Charles Barry, British architect (1795-1860). Pierre Etienne Rousseau, French painter (1812-1867). Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor (1777-1857). Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter (1824-1898). Jacques Louis David, French historical painter (1748-1825). Robert Adam, Scottish architect (1728-1792).	Victoria (Victoria Alexandrina), queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India (1819-1901). Jefferson Davis, American statesman and president of the Confederacy (1808-1889). Sir John Alexander Macdonald, Canadian statesman (1815-1891). Francis Joseph, emperor of Austria (1830-1916). Karl Marx, German socialist and publicist (1818-1883). H. von Treitschke, German publicist (1834-1896). George Dewey, American Admiral (1837-1917).
		Hans Makart, Austrian painter (1840-1884). Joseph Mallord William Turner, English painter (1775-1851). Sir George Gilbert Scott, English architect (1811-1878). Sir John Everett Millais, English painter (1829-1896). Karl Friedrich Schinkel, German architect (1781-1841). John Quincy Adams Ward, American sculptor (1830-1910). Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor (1834-1904). Jean Léon Gérôme, French historical painter (1824-1904). Edwin Austin Abbey, American artist (1852-1916). J. E. F. Massenet, French composer (1842-1912). Antonin Dvorák, Austro-American composer (1842-1904). Vassili Verestchagin, Russian painter (1842-1904).
		F. von Lenbach, German painter (1836-1904). Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (1843-1897). Augustus Saint-Gaudens, American sculptor (1848-1907).
20th Cent. A. D. 1900 A. D. to 2000 A. D.	Pope Benedict XV., Giacomo Della Chiesa (1854- ——). Cardinal James Gibbons, American Roman Catholic prelate (1834- ——). Cardinal William Henry O’Connell, American Roman Catholic prelate (1859- ——). Cardinal John Murphy Farley, American Roman Catholic prelate (1842- ——). William Ashley Sunday, American evangelist (1863- ——).	Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (1835- ——). Claude Debussy, (1862- ——). Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer (1858- ——). Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (1840- ——). Sir E. W. Elgar, English composer (1857- ——). Piero Mascagni, Italian operatic composer (1863- ——). J. S. Sargent, American painter (1856- ——). Lorado Taft, American sculptor (1860- ——). Philip Martiny, American sculptor (1858- ——). William Hamo Thornycroft, English sculptor (1850- ——). George Grey Barnard, American sculptor (1863- ——). Daniel Chester French, American sculptor (1850- ——).	Theodore Roosevelt, American author, publicist and twenty-sixth president of the United States (1858- ——). Arthur James Balfour, British statesman, philosophical writer (1848- ——). William II., third German emperor (1859- ——). David Lloyd George, British statesman (1863- ——). Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Canadian statesman (1841- ——). Robert Laird Borden, prime minister of Canada (1854- ——). Viscount Horatio Herbert Kitchener, British general (1850-1916). Wilhelmina, queen of Holland (1880- ——). Theodore von Bethmann-Hollweg, German statesman and Imperial Chancellor (1856- ——). Alfonso XIII., king of Spain (1886- ——). Woodrow Wilson, American publicist, twenty-eighth president of the United States (1856- ——). Edward Douglass White, American jurist (1845- ——).
		Richard Strauss, German musical composer (1864- ——). J. F. L. Bonnat, French painter (1833- ——). Gutzon Borglum (John Gutzon de la Mothe), American sculptor (1867- ——). Frederick (William) MacMonnies, American sculptor (1863- ——).	Elihu Root, publicist, ex-secretary of state (1845- ——). William Jennings Bryan, American publicist, ex-secretary of state (1860- ——). Henry Cabot Lodge, historian, publicist (1850- ——). Robert Marion LaFollette, American political reformer, publicist (1855- ——). Field Marshall von Hindenburg, German general (1847- ——). Field Marshal Joffre, French general (1853- ——).