- Gabriele d’Annunzio, Italian poet and dramatist (1864- ——).
- Hermann Sudermann, German dramatist (1857- ——).
- Edmond Rostand, French dramatist (1864- ——).
- Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian novelist and dramatist (1862- ——).
- Gerhard Hauptmann, German dramatist (1862- ——).
- Perez Galdos, Spanish poet (1845- ——).
- Pierre Loti (L. Viaud), French traveler and writer (1850- ——).
- Anatole France, French novelist (1844- ——).
- Mrs. Humphry Ward, English novelist (1851- ——).
- T. Hall Caine, English novelist (1853- ——).
- John Galsworthy, British poet (1867- ——).
- Rudyard Kipling, British poet and novelist (1865- ——).
- Anthony Hope Hawkins, British novelist (1863- ——).
- George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist and writer (1856- ——).
- J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and dramatist (1860- ——).
- James Bryce, British historian and diplomat (1838- ——).
- Thomas Hardy, British novelist (1840- ——).
- Frederic Harrison, English essayist (1841- ——).
- William Dean Howells, American novelist (1837- ——).
- Rabindranath Tagore, Indian poet (1861- ——).
- Charles William Eliot, American educator (1834- ——).
- Rudolf Eucken, German philosopher (1846- ——).
- George Herbert Palmer, American moralist (1842- ——).
- William DeWitt Hyde, educator and philosopher (1858- ——).
- John Dewey, American educational psychologist (1859- ——).
- George Trumbull Ladd, American psychologist (1842- ——).
- Sir J. J. Thomson, British physicist (1856- ——).
- S. Arrhenius, Swedish chemist (1859- ——).
- Nikola Tesla, American electrician and inventor (1857- ——).
- Sir Oliver Lodge, English physicist (1851- ——).
- Sir Wm. Ramsay, British chemist (1852- ——).
- James Geikie, British geologist (1839- ——).
- Sir Arch. Geikie, British geologist (1835- ——).
- Sir Wm. Crookes, British physicist (1832- ——).
- Luther Burbank, American plant breeder (1849- ——).
- Ira Remsen, American chemist (1846- ——).
- Theodore William Richards, American chemist (1868- ——).
- Albert Abraham Mitchelson, German-American physicist (1852- ——).
- Simon Flexner, American physician (1863- ——).
- Theobald Smith, American pathologist (1859- ——).
- David Starr Jordan, zoologist, sociologist (1851- ——).
| Centuries | Industry Inventors, Engineers |
|---|---|
| 14th Cent. A. D. 1300 A. D. to 1400 A. D. | ... |
| 15th Cent. A. D. 1400 A. D. to 1500 A. D. | JOHANN GUTENBERG, German inventor of printing (1400-1468). Vasco da Gama, Portuguese navigator (1450?-1525). CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (Italian Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish Cristoval Colon), Genoese discoverer of America (1436?-1506). Fernando Magellan, Portuguese navigator (1470?-1521). William Caxton, English printer (1412?-1491). |
| 16th Cent. A. D. 1500 A. D. to 1600 A. D. | Bernard Palissy French potter (1510-1589). Sir Walter Raleigh, English navigator, statesman and courtier (1552-1618). Sir Francis Drake, English navigator (1539-1595). |
| 17th Cent. A. D. 1600 A. D. to 1700 A. D. | Marquis Sébastien Leprestre de Vauban, French military engineer and marshal (1633-1707). |
| 18th Cent. A. D. 1700 A. D. to 1800 A. D. | SIR RICHARD ARKWRIGHT, inventor of spinning-jenny (1732-1792). John Howard, English philanthropist (1726-1790). JAMES WATT, perfecter of the steam engine (1736-1819). ROBERT FULTON, American engineer and inventor of the steamboat (1765-1815). John Fitch, American inventor (1743-1798). Aloisio, or Luigi, Galvani, Italian discoverer of galvanism (1737-1788). |
| 19th Cent. A. D. 1800 A. D. to 1900 A. D. | Eli Whitney, American inventor of the cotton gin (1765-1825). SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE, American artist and inventor (1791-1872). GEORGE STEPHENSON, English perfecter of the locomotive engine (1781-1848). Alfred Krupp, German manufacturer of iron and steel (1810-1887). Henry Bessemer, English engineer and inventor (1813-1898). George H. Corliss, American machinist and inventor (1820-1888). Elias Howe, American inventor of the sewing-machine (1819-1867). Ernst Werner Siemens, German physicist, inventor, manufacturer (1816-1892). Robert Stephenson, English engineer (1803-1859). Viscount Ferdinand de Lesseps, French engineer of the Suez Canal (1805-1894). Alfred Bernard Nobel, Swedish physicist and chemist (1833-1896). Cyrus Hall McCormick, American inventor and manufacturer of harvesters (1809-1884). James M. Smithson, English philanthropist (1765-1829). Stephen Girard, American merchant and philanthropist (1750-1831). Ezra Cornell, American capitalist and philanthropist (1807-1874). George Peabody, American merchant and philanthropist (1795-1869). William Wilson Corcoran, American philanthropist (1798-1888). James Lick, American philanthropist (1796-1876). Johns Hopkins, American capitalist and philanthropist (1795-1873). Cornelius Vanderbilt, American capitalist and philanthropist (1794-1877). Paul Tulane, American philanthropist (1801-1887). Philip Danforth Armour, American philanthropist (1832-1901). Leland Stanford, railroad constructor, senator and philanthropist (1824-1893). Lord Donald Alexander Smith Strathcona and Mount Royal, Canadian capitalist and philanthropist (1820-1914). John Pierpont Morgan, American financier (1837-1913). Marshall Field, American merchant and philanthropist (1835-1906). James J(erome) Hill, American railway president (1838-1916). Robert Falcon Scott, English Antarctic explorer (1868-1912). Wilbur Wright, American inventor and aeronaut (1867-1912). |
| 20th Cent. A. D. 1900 A. D. to 2000 A. D. | Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the speaking telephone (1847- ——). Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor (1847- ——). G. Marconi, Italian inventor of wireless telegraph (1875- ——). K. W. Röntgen (1845- ——). Andrew Carnegie, American capitalist and philanthropist (1835- ——). Emile Berliner, German-American inventor (1851- ——). Henry Ford, American automobile manufacturer (1863- ——). William Randolph Hearst, publicist and newspaper publisher (1863- ——). First Baron Alfred Charles William Harmsworth Northcliffe, English newspaper proprietor (1865- ——). Orville Wright, American inventor and aeronaut (1871- ——). Captain Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer and navigator (1872- ——). Robert Edwin Peary, American arctic explorer and officer U. S. N. (1856- ——). Phebe Apperson Hearst (née Apperson), American philanthropist (1842- ——). |
- ...
- JOHANN GUTENBERG, German inventor of printing (1400-1468).
- Vasco da Gama, Portuguese navigator (1450?-1525).
- CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (Italian Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish Cristoval Colon), Genoese discoverer of America (1436?-1506).
- Fernando Magellan, Portuguese navigator (1470?-1521).
- William Caxton, English printer (1412?-1491).
- Bernard Palissy French potter (1510-1589).
- Sir Walter Raleigh, English navigator, statesman and courtier (1552-1618).
- Sir Francis Drake, English navigator (1539-1595).
- Marquis Sébastien Leprestre de Vauban, French military engineer and marshal (1633-1707).
- SIR RICHARD ARKWRIGHT, inventor of spinning-jenny (1732-1792).
- John Howard, English philanthropist (1726-1790).
- JAMES WATT, perfecter of the steam engine (1736-1819).
- ROBERT FULTON, American engineer and inventor of the steamboat (1765-1815).
- John Fitch, American inventor (1743-1798).
- Aloisio, or Luigi, Galvani, Italian discoverer of galvanism (1737-1788).
- Eli Whitney, American inventor of the cotton gin (1765-1825).
- SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE, American artist and inventor (1791-1872).
- GEORGE STEPHENSON, English perfecter of the locomotive engine (1781-1848).
- Alfred Krupp, German manufacturer of iron and steel (1810-1887).
- Henry Bessemer, English engineer and inventor (1813-1898).
- George H. Corliss, American machinist and inventor (1820-1888).
- Elias Howe, American inventor of the sewing-machine (1819-1867).
- Ernst Werner Siemens, German physicist, inventor, manufacturer (1816-1892).
- Robert Stephenson, English engineer (1803-1859).
- Viscount Ferdinand de Lesseps, French engineer of the Suez Canal (1805-1894).
- Alfred Bernard Nobel, Swedish physicist and chemist (1833-1896).
- Cyrus Hall McCormick, American inventor and manufacturer of harvesters (1809-1884).
- James M. Smithson, English philanthropist (1765-1829).
- Stephen Girard, American merchant and philanthropist (1750-1831).
- Ezra Cornell, American capitalist and philanthropist (1807-1874).
- George Peabody, American merchant and philanthropist (1795-1869).
- William Wilson Corcoran, American philanthropist (1798-1888).
- James Lick, American philanthropist (1796-1876).
- Johns Hopkins, American capitalist and philanthropist (1795-1873).
- Cornelius Vanderbilt, American capitalist and philanthropist (1794-1877).
- Paul Tulane, American philanthropist (1801-1887).
- Philip Danforth Armour, American philanthropist (1832-1901).
- Leland Stanford, railroad constructor, senator and philanthropist (1824-1893).
- Lord Donald Alexander Smith Strathcona and Mount Royal, Canadian capitalist and philanthropist (1820-1914).
- John Pierpont Morgan, American financier (1837-1913).
- Marshall Field, American merchant and philanthropist (1835-1906).
- James J(erome) Hill, American railway president (1838-1916).
- Robert Falcon Scott, English Antarctic explorer (1868-1912).
- Wilbur Wright, American inventor and aeronaut (1867-1912).