B.C.750.—Greeks extend colonies in the Mediterranean and Pontus Euxinus.
B.C.700.—Samians discover Spain (Tartessus) for the Greeks.
B.C.600.—Phœnicians circumnavigate Africa by order of Necho.
B.C.—Himilco (Carthag.) visits Atlantic coast of Europe, Sargasso Sea. Said to have visited Britain.
B.C.500.—Anaximander (of Miletus) makes the first maps.
B.C.500.—Hecatæus (of Miletus) writes the first geography.
B.C.470.—Hanno (Carthag.) coasts west Africa as far as Cape Palmas.
B.C.330.—Pytheas of Massilia sails to Thule, North Sea, Scandinavia.
B.C.330.—Nearchus (Macedon.) sails from the Indus to Red Sea.
B.C.329-325.—Alexander the Great makes expedition to Iran, Turan and India.