1819.—Long (U.S.) makes exploration of Rocky Mountains.
1819.—Wm. Smith (Eng.) explores South Orkney Islands and South Shetlands. Visited by Weddell in 1822.
1823.—Wrangel (Rus.) discovers Wrangel Land.
1823.—Denham and Clapperton (Eng.) discover Lake Chad.
1825-26.—A. G. Laing (Scot.) reached Timbuktu from Tripoli, Africa.
1827-8.—René Caillie (Fr.) made journey from Kakandy to Timbuktu and Morocco, Africa.
1830-32.—Biscoe (Eng.) discovers Enderby Land and Graham Land.
1831.—Sir J. C. Ross (Eng.) finds magnetic North Pole.
1832.—Laird and Oldfield (Scot.) explore the Niger and Benué rivers.
1835.—Sir F. Schomburgk (Ger.) makes explorations in Guiana, South America.