1897.—Jackson (Scot.) makes surveys and explorations in Franz Josef Land.
1893-97.—Sven Hedin (Swed.) makes explorations in north central Asia.
1895-96.—Pr. Henri d’Orléans travels in Tonkin and China.
1897.—Andrée (Swed.) attempts to cross over the North Pole in a balloon, with fatal results.
1898-99.—De Gerlache (Belgian) attempts to reach the South Pole with the “Belgica,” first ship to winter within Antarctic circle.
1899.—Major Gibbons makes explorations in Congo and Zambezi headwaters.
1900.—Borchgrevink (Brit. Ex.) reached lat. 78° 50′ S. via Victoria Land.
1900.—Duke of Abruzzi (Ital.) reached lat. 86° 33′ N. via Franz Josef Land.
1900-02.—Sven Hedin (Swed.) made important journey in central Asia.
1908.—F. A. Cook (U. S.) claims to have reached the North Pole, April 21.