Leader: (2) Aristodemus.

Chief Action: (1) Siege of Mount Ithome.

Results: Messenians become tributary of Sparta and their land is, in part, confiscated.

SECOND MESSENIAN WAR.—645-628 B. C.

(1) Spartans vs. (2) Messenians.

Cause: Spartan oppression causes Messenian revolt.

Leaders: (1) Tyrtaeus (poet); (2) Aristomenes.

Chief Action: (1) Eira.

Results: Greater part of Messenians flee to Sicily. Those remaining become helots (Spartan serfs).

FIRST SACRED WAR.—600-590 B. C.