Chief Action: (1) Three hundred ships lost by storm off Mt. Athos.
Results: Partial success against Macedonians and Thracians. Continued plans of Darius for subjugating Greece.
b. Second Persian Expedition—490 B. C.
Leaders: Datis, (1) Artaphernes; (2) Miltiades.
Chief Actions: (1) Naxos, Eretria; (2) Marathon (490 B. C.)
Results: The Athenians are victorious and the Persians retreat to Asia Minor.
c. Third Persian Expedition—481-480 B. C.
Xerxes desires to avenge his father’s defeat.
Leaders: (1) Xerxes; (2) Leonidas, Eurybiades, Themistocles.
Chief Actions: (1) Thermopylæ, Salamis, Artemisium, Athens burned.