Results: Hannibal succumbs as a result of the loyalty of Italy. Carthage forced to give up Spain, to pay an annual tribute, to surrender her fleet, and to agree not to go to war without the permission of Rome.
FOUR MACEDONIAN WARS.—214-146 B. C.
(1) Romans vs. (2) Greeks.
Cause: Alliance of Philip, King of Macedon with Carthage.
Leaders: (1) T. Quinctius Flaminius, L. Aemilius Paulus; (2) Philip of Macedon, Perseus.
Chief Actions: (1) Cynoscephalæ, Pydna.
Result: Macedonia becomes a Roman province.
THIRD PUNIC WAR—149-146 B. C.
(1) Romans vs. (2) Carthaginians.
Cause: War of Carthage with Massinissa gives Rome the pretext for completing the destruction of Carthage.